Confine tra Algeria e Libia

Confine tra Algeria e Libia
Posizione della Libia (arancione) e dell'Algeria (verde).
Dati generali
StatiAlgeria (bandiera) Algeria
Libia (bandiera) Libia
Lunghezza982 km
Dati storici
Istituito nel1911
Attuale dal1951

Il confine tra l'Algeria e la Libia è la linea di demarcazione che separa i due stati. Ha una lunghezza di 982 km.

Il confine separa l'Algeria orientale (provincia di Illizi e Tamanrasset) dalla Libia occidentale (distretto di Ghat, Gadames e Wadi al-Shatii) nel Nord Africa.[1][2]

Geografia

Il confine inizia a nord all'altezza del 30º parallelo nord, sulla triplice frontiera Algeria-Libia-Tunisia, nelle vicinanze di Gadames, e si dirige a sud verso una seconda triplice frontiera Algeria-Libia-Niger, verso l'altezza del Tropico del Cancro.

Storia

Mappa del confine.

Questo confine è stato definito all'inizio del XX secolo. La Francia occupava gran parte delle zone costiere settentrionali dell'Algeria fin dal periodo 1830-47, che prima di allora erano state soggette al controllo nominale dell'Impero ottomano.[3] Per la maggior parte del XIX secolo la regione costiera della Libia moderna (organizzata come Vilayet di Tripolitania) faceva parte dell'Impero ottomano, sebbene con un ampio grado di autonomia de facto.[4][3] Nel 1911 il Regno d'Italia conquistò la Tripolitania dall'Impero ottomano, e l'anno successivo fu firmato il Trattato di Ouchy con il quale gli ottomani cedettero formalmente la sovranità dell'area all'Italia.[5][6][3] Gli italiani organizzarono le regioni appena conquistate nelle colonie della Cirenaica italiana e della Tripolitania italiana e iniziarono gradualmente a spingersi più a sud; nel 1934 unirono i due territori come Libia italiana.[3][7]

La Francia e l'Italia firmarono un trattato il 12 settembre 1919 che delimitava un confine tra l'Algeria e la Libia.[4][3] Durante la campagna nordafricana della seconda guerra mondiale l'Italia fu sconfitta e le sue colonie africane furono occupate dalle potenze alleate, con la Libia divisa in zone di occupazione britannica e francese.[3] La Libia ottenne in seguito la piena indipendenza il 2 dicembre 1951.[3] La Francia, che era stata a lungo insoddisfatta degli aspetti del confine, firmò un trattato con la Libia nel 1955-6 che alterò parte del confine tra Ghadames e Ghat, consentendo così un'amministrazione più efficace.[4][3] Dopo la guerra l'Algeria ottenne l'indipendenza nel 1962 e il confine divenne tra due stati pienamente sovrani.

Le relazioni dall'indipendenza sono state in gran parte cordiali, sebbene il confine rimanga generalmente insicuro a causa dell'impatto del terrorismo e delle ricadute della guerra civile libica.[8][9]

Insediamenti vicini al confine

Algeria

Libia

Note

  1. ^ Libya - The World Factbook, su cia.gov. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021.
  2. ^ Algeria - The World Factbook, su cia.gov. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Brownlie, Ian (1979). African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia. Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co. pp. 26–43.
  4. ^ a b c (EN) International Boundary Study No. 1 – April 28, 1961 Algeria – Libya Boundary (PDF), su fall.fsulawrc.com.
  5. ^ (EN) Pietro Bertolini, Guido Fusinato e Giuseppe Volpi, Treaty of Peace Between Italy and Turkey1, in American Journal of International Law, vol. 7, S1, 1928/01, pp. 58–62, DOI:10.2307/2212446. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021.
  6. ^ Treaty of Lausanne, October, 1912., su mtholyoke.edu. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale l'8 settembre 2021).
  7. ^ HISTORY OF LIBYA, su historyworld.net. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021.
  8. ^ (EN) Omar Shabbi, Algeria considers Egypt alliance to confront Libyan terror threat, su Al-Monitor, 21 maggio 2014. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021.
  9. ^ Truth and Algerian involvement in Libya | Middle East Eye, su web.archive.org, 23 luglio 2014. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 luglio 2014).

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