Coefficiente di variazione

Il coefficiente di variazione o deviazione standard relativa, indicato con è un indice di dispersione che permette di confrontare misure di fenomeni riferite a unità di misura differenti, in quanto si tratta di una grandezza adimensionale (cioè non riferita ad alcuna unità di misura). È un indice della precisione di una misura.

Definizione

Sia la media aritmetica di un carattere quantitativo di una popolazione e la sua deviazione standard. Se allora il coefficiente di variazione è:

Per una popolazione con un numero finito di esemplari normalizzati con il coefficiente di variazione è dato da:

Il coefficiente di variazione permette di valutare la dispersione dei valori attorno alla media indipendentemente dall'unità di misura. Ad esempio, la deviazione standard di un campione di redditi espressi in lire è completamente diversa della deviazione standard degli stessi redditi espressi in euro, mentre il coefficiente di variazione è lo stesso in entrambi i casi.

L'utilizzo del coefficiente di variazione è problematico in presenza contemporanea di valori positivi e negativi, o qualora il valore "zero" sia fissato sulla base di convenzioni sostanzialmente arbitrarie, come avviene nelle scale di misurazione della temperatura Celsius e Fahrenheit.

Bibliografia

  • Giuseppe Leti, Statistica descrittiva, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1983
  • Cicchitelli, D'Urso, Minozzo, Statistica: principi e metodi, Pearson, 2017

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE4187418-3

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