Ceramica incisa

Tegame del complesso di Ciempozuelos, realizzato in ceramica nera, levigata con uno strato di argilla fine e decorata con motivi geometrici incisi riempiti di pasta bianca.

Ceramica incisa si riferisce a quelle opere di ceramica che mostrano esempi di tecnica decorativa realizzata con incisioni nella terracotta ancora tenera. Le sue origini risalgono alla preistoria, dando corpo a un insieme tanto rappresentativo dell'età del bronzo come la ceramica campaniforme o la ceramica cordata,[1] e a oggetti come il vaso di Bronocice.[2] Può apparire mescolata o completata con altri processi di decorazione vascolare, come l'incrostazione, la excisione (o la semi-excisione), la stampa, il rilievo e anche la pittura.

Tecnica

Tanto il Diccionario de términos de arte di Guillermo Fatás Cabeza e Gonzalo Borrás, come il Diccionario de términos cerámicos y de alfarería di Antonio Caro Bellido, seguendo Manuel Gómez-Moreno, definiscono le tecniche di incisione come l'insieme di «tagli o intagli» realizzati premendo o fendendo l'argilla prima di cuocerla, quando «si trova a un punto di aerazione».[3][4] Si utilizzano punzoni e altri attrezzi primitivi, oltre alle proprie dita. L'incisione si può differenziare in V (incisa) o in U (scanalata), a seconda che sia la punta del punzone affilata o smussata.[4]

Nel suo manuale su Cacharrería popular (Ceramica popolare), Natacha Seseña descrive questa tecnica decorativa realizzata inizialmente con le unghie od oggetti appuntiti (avorio, canne, bastoncini) e utensilerie posteriori più sofisticate benché elementari, come «pettini, spatole o rotelline». Seseña la considera tecnica comune a tutti i ceramisti del mondo, per la sua semplicità, che evolvettero da temi elementari e irregolari a composizioni ritmiche e immaginative.[5] Anche per Luis María Llubiá la decorazione è ottenuta come risultato di grattare il pezzo già "ingobbiata" o dipinta.[6]

Tipologia

Note

  1. ^ Cooper, 1999, pp. 76-77
  2. ^ (EN) David A. Anthony, The horse, the wheel, and language: how Bronze-Age riders from the Eurasian steppes shaped the modern world, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 2010, pp. 68 e segg., ISBN 0-691-05887-3. URL consultato il 19 febbraio 1019.
  3. ^ Fatás Cabeza Borrás, 1993, p. 181
  4. ^ a b Caro Bellido, 2005, p. 145
  5. ^ Seseña, 1997, p. 68
  6. ^ Fatás Cabeza e Borrás, 1993, p. 181

Bibliografia

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