Carpo

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Carpo (disambigua).
Le informazioni riportate non sono consigli medici e potrebbero non essere accurate. I contenuti hanno solo fine illustrativo e non sostituiscono il parere medico: leggi le avvertenze.
Le ossa della mano, in evidenza (lettere A-H) le ossa del carpo:

     Osso scafoide

     Osso semilunare

     Osso piramidale

     Osso pisiforme

     Osso trapezio

     Osso trapezoide

     Osso capitato

     Osso uncinato

Il carpo è la parte dello scheletro dell'arto superiore che congiunge il radio con il metacarpo. È compreso nella regione del polso. Il carpo è fondamentale per la corretta funzionalità dell'articolazione del polso. Esso risulta composto da otto ossa brevi disposte su due file, delle quali una prossimale e una distale.

Doccia carpale

Articolandosi tra loro, le ossa del carpo costituiscono sul lato palmare la doccia o tunnel carpale.

La doccia carpale è uno spazio del polso, posto volarmente, attraverso il quale scorrono i tendini dei muscoli flessore superficiale delle dita, flessore profondo delle dita e flessore lungo del pollice. Tale doccia è delimitata lateralmente e medialmente da quattro rilievi tubercolari:

  • Lateralmente:
    • il tubercolo dello scafoide, che sporge dalla superficie palmare dello scafoide;
    • il tubercolo del trapezio, che sporge dalla superficie palmare del trapezio.
  • Medialmente:

Il legamento trasverso del carpo, tendendosi sull'apice dei quattro rilievi, trasforma la doccia carpale in un canale osteo-fibroso detto tunnel carpale.

Etimologia

La parola carpo deriva dal greco καρπός (karpós), "giuntura" [1].

La parola karpós deriva dalla lingua protoindoeuropea nella sua radice kerp-[2]. Direttamente dal greco καρπός derivano:

  • il prefisso "carpo-", che significa frutta, ad esempio in "carpofaga".
  • i suffissi "-carp" e "-carpous", che significano anch'essi frutta, ad esempio in ascocarpo e pericarpo.
  • Carpello, l'organo riproduttivo femminile di un fiore.
  • Carpologia, lo studio di frutti e semi.
  • Carpoforo, il corpo fruttifero di un fungo.
  • Il nome proprio Carpoforo (lett. "fruttifero").

Parole imparentate[3] si possono trovare in molte lingue indo-europee, tra cui l'inglese moderno in parole come harvest (dalle lingue germaniche), carpet, excerpt e scarce (dal latino). Anche le lingue neolatine hanno sviluppato la medesima radice (per esempio in italiano carpire), attingendo per lo più dal verbo latino carpo, affine al greco Karpos e probabilmente da esso discendente come significato (afferrare, prendere, cogliere, per estensione dal cogliere la frutta con la mano): ad esempio una nota espressione in lingua latina è carpe diem ("cogliere il tempo"), che utilizza in senso figurato quel verbo.

Note

  1. ^ Carpo, su treccani.it. URL consultato il 19 agosto 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 24 agosto 2020).
  2. ^ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 149, per il quale l'Indo-Europeo *kwerp, volgere, è simile al protoinglese hweorfan, volgere, cambiare (nell'inglese moderno to warp).
  3. ^ Ma anche toponimi che ne discendono: da karpós deriverebbe, forse in riferimento al modo in cui la loro conformazione orografica piega a forma di L (come un polso: Room, Adrian. Placenames of the World. London: MacFarland and Co., Inc., 1997), il nome dei monti Carpazi, ovvero quello della penisola del Karpas (stavolta in rapporto alla prosecuzione della sua orografia all'interno di Cipro in direzione del Pentadaktylos, cioè della catena montuosa a cinque cime che vengono accostate a cinque dita).

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Medicina: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di medicina

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