Capodanni ebraici

Nella religione ebraica, secondo l'esegesi ebraica del Talmud, esistono quattro tipologie di Capodanno ebraici[1]:

«Ed in questo mese siete liberi; è detto: "Questo sarà per voi l'inizio dei mesi"»

(Ct Rabbah 2,19-25)

Note

  1. ^ L'ordine delle ricorrenze ebraiche presenta una sorta di "cronologia provvidenziale"
  2. ^ "In principio tutti gli inizi cominciarono in Pesach. Tutti i precetti sono infatti "un sigillo" dell'Esodo dall'Egitto" (Rabbi Natan. Las Cartas del Rabí Natán de Breslov - Vol. IV: Alim LiTerufá Breslov Research Institute)
  3. ^ Il Conteggio dell'Omer ci insegna che dovremmo contare i nostri giorni e alla fine dare "un resoconto completo" per ogni giorno della nostra vita. Non un giorno è destinato ad essere vanificato, Dio non voglia, come sottinteso dal versetto "Contate per voi ... sette settimane complete" (Levitico 23: 15). Anche il Conteggio dell'Omer ci prepara per Shavuot, la festa che commemora la rivelazione della Torah. La Torah viene acquisita "contando ogni giorno", cioè vivendo ogni giorno colmandolo di buone azioni che testimoniano i nostri tentativi di servire Dio. La Torah chiama questo processo "conteggio dell'Omer": un omer è una "misura" che allude all'idea secondo la quale i nostri giorni sono contati e dovremmo "misurarci" con le nostre capacità e responsabilità, inoltre il Conteggio dell'Omer infonde speranza in tutti coloro che si disperano: "A cosa servirebbero i miei sforzi se non otterrò nulla?" Quindi, se riconosciamo che ogni giorno deve essere tenuto in considerazione, non lasceremo passare un giorno senza cercare di fare appunto del bene (Likutey Halakhot VIII, 126b-127a et 130b). Il Baal Shem Tov propone il medesimo insegnamento con l’esempio del rischio di tenere “agende” per ogni giorno, cioè con scritti che dovrebbero ricordare successivamente “le impressioni vissute”; Il Baal Shem Tov conclude dicendo che “senza agende” il servizio divino (“Avodah”) avviene con maggiore attaccamento (Devekut) a Dio e con più gioia (“Simchah”): tutto ciò è rappresentato dalle misure d’incenso offerto nel Tempio di Gerusalemme e che il Sommo Sacerdote (il Kohen Gadol) prelevava “a manciate”, ispirato da Dio, quasi spontaneamente appunto.
  4. ^ Rosh HaShanah si chiama anche Yom HaZikaron ("il Giorno del Ricordo"), perché in questo giorno il giudizio divino a favore del popolo ebraico viene sigillato ancora per la vita: il significato omiletico del "sigillo nel Libro della vita" richiama la Sefirah definita Da'at ("conoscenza") (Likutey Halakhot III, p.202a)
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