Camico

Camico (Κᾰμῑκός, in greco antico; Camīcus in latino; in italiano è letta Camìco con pronuncia latina, Càmico con quella greca. Forse da identificarsi con l'odierna Sant'Angelo Muxaro[1]) era un'antica città sicana, sede della reggia di Kokalos. Secondo il mito, a Camico venne ospitato Dedalo, in fuga da Creta, e Minosse vi trovò la morte, ucciso dalle figlie di Kokalos.

Esisteva ancora al tempo della prima guerra punica: Diodoro Siculo, infatti, la descrive come φρούριον Ἀκραγαντίνων, phrourion di Akragas.

Da alcuni studiosi è stata identificata con le rovine pre-elleniche site nel territorio di Sant'Angelo Muxaro, comune italiano della provincia di Agrigento o secondo altri nel territorio del comune di Sciacca (vedi le stufe del Monte Kronio) e /o Caltabellotta, anch'essi in provincia di Agrigento. Tra le diverse ipotesi di localizzazione di Camico, viene indicata anche Sutera in provincia di Caltanissetta. In assenza di documentazioni archeologiche, l'ipotesi è supportata dalle caratteristiche del monte S. Paolino, che come descritto da Diodoro Siculo poteva essere difeso da due uomini e che mostra ancora sulla sua sommità tracce di antiche strutture murarie e fortificazioni.

In una rarissima carta nautica di Filippo Cluverio del 1641 risulta evidenziata Camico, situata tra Agrigento ed Eraclea Minoa.

Storia

I Cretesi a Camico

Narra Erodoto nel VII libro della sua opera che la città di Camico subì l'assedio dei Cretesi, giunti dalla loro isola per vendicare la morte di Minosse: dopo cinque anni di guerra, i Cretesi, non riuscendo a espugnare la città, abbandonarono il campo di battaglia[2]:

(GRC)

«λέγεται γὰρ Μίνων κατὰ ζήτησιν Δαιδάλου ἀπικόμενον ἐς Σικανίην τὴν νῦν Σικελίην καλευμένην ἀποθανεῖν βιαίῳ θανάτῳ. ἀνὰ δὲ χρόνον Κρῆτας, θεοῦ σφι ἐποτρύναντος, πάντας πλὴν Πολιχνιτέων τε καὶ Πραισίων ἀπικομένους στόλῳ μεγάλῳ ἐς Σικανίην πολιορκέειν ἐπ᾽ ἔτεα πέντε πόλιν Καμικόν, τὴν κατ᾽ ἐμὲ Ἀκραγαντῖνοι ἐνέμοντο: [2] τέλος δὲ οὐ δυναμένους οὔτε ἑλεῖν οὔτε παραμένειν λιμῷ συνεστεῶτας, ἀπολιπόντας οἴχεσθαι.»

(IT)

«Si racconta, infatti, che Minosse, giunto in Sicania (che ora si chiama Sicilia) alla ricerca di Dedalo, vi perì di morte violenta. Passato un po' di tempo, per incitamento d'un dio, tutti i Cretesi, in massa, eccetto quelli di Policne e di Preso, venuti con una grande flotta in Sicania, avrebbe assediato per cinque anni la città di Camico, che, ai tempi miei, era abitata da Agrigentini. Alla fine, però, non riuscendo a conquistarla, né a rimanere più a lungo a lottare con la fame, se ne sarebbero andati abbandonando il campo.»

(Erodoto, Storie, VII,170,1-2)

Note

  1. ^ Per l'identificazione, si veda il commento di Pietro Vannicelli ed Aldo Corcella ad Hdt. VII 170,1 (Erodoto. Le Storie. Libro VII. Serse e Leonida, a c. di Pietro Vannicelli ed Aldo Corcella, Fondazione Lorenzo Valla, Milano 2017).
  2. ^ Traduzione di Luigi Annibaletto.

Collegamenti esterni

  • Camico, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  Portale Antica Grecia

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