Cölln

Disambiguazione – "Kölln" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando il comune dello Schleswig-Holstein, vedi Kölln-Reisiek.
Berlino e le città circostanti nel 1688. Cölln è in giallo

Cölln (anche nelle forme Kölln, Cöln, Köln) è un quartiere storico di Berlino, compreso nel quartiere (Ortsteil) di Mitte.

Storia

Cölln si sviluppò nel medioevo come città indipendente da Berlino, posta sull'isola della Sprea (l'antico centro di Berlino si trovava invece sulla sponda nord-orientale).

Berlino e Cölln si unirono nel 1307, conservando però un certo grado di autonomia; fu il principe elettore Federico II "Dente di Ferro", nel 1442, a sciogliere l'unione, rendendo le due città nuovamente indipendenti, e sotto il diretto controllo del sovrano.

Cölln fu unita definitivamente a Berlino nel 1709, contemporaneamente all'annessione a Berlino delle città-sobborgo fondate nel XVII secolo per fronteggiare l'aumento demografico (Neukölln am Wasser, Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt e Friedrichstadt).

Sviluppo urbano

Il primo nucleo di Cölln si trovava lungo la strada commerciale che connetteva, in direzione SO-NE, gli altipiani di Teltow e Barnim (attuale Gertraudenstraße); l'insediamento aveva la tipica forma a fuso dei centri del Brandeburgo, con al centro la chiesa di San Pietro (Petrikirche)[1].

L'area a sud della chiesa, detta Fischerkietz ("quartiere dei pescatori"), conservò fino alla seconda guerra mondiale l'aspetto medioevale[2].

A nord della Petrikirche due strade, ancora esistenti, conducevano al convento di Domenicani; in quell'area, a partire dal XV secolo, fu costruito il castello; l'area ancora più a nord rimase paludosa fino al XIX secolo, quando fu realizzato il complesso museale detto Museumsinsel.

Gli sconvolgimenti urbanistici avvenuti nei secoli (e in particolare nel 1900) hanno così reso irriconoscibile l'antico volto di Cölln; il nome stesso dell'antica città viene utilizzato solo in una prospettiva storica, non potendo più definire un'area che ha perso la propria unità.

Nel 1912 la città di Rixdorf prese il nome di Neukölln ("nuova Kölln") in memoria dell'antico insediamento.

Note

  1. ^ Le distruzioni della seconda guerra mondiale e la ricostruzione postbellica hanno reso la zona irriconoscibile; è in programma il ridisegno degli spazi, con la realizzazione di un giardino sull'area che fu della Petrikirche, a ricordarne l'esistenza.
  2. ^ Distrutta dai bombardamenti, l'area fu ricostruita negli anni sessanta con edifici residenziali a torre ed è diventata nota come Fischerinsel.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • (DE) Storia dell'area, su stadtentwicklung.berlin.de. URL consultato il 28 dicembre 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 6 ottobre 2008).
Controllo di autoritàGND (DE) 16062584-1
  Portale Germania: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano della Germania

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