Bassa tensione

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La bassa tensione (BT) viene utilizzata nella maggior parte degli impianti elettrici privati, sia in ambito civile che industriale come pure nelle reti di distribuzione secondaria. Circuiti a bassa tensione possono essere alimentati mediante tensioni > 50 e ≤ 1000 V in corrente alternata oppure > 120 e ≤ 1500 V in corrente continua, tra i poli o tra i poli e la terra. Questi valori consentono di avere delle correnti relativamente basse (rispetto alla bassissima tensione) e una maggiore sicurezza (rispetto alla media e all'alta tensione dove sussiste il rischio di archi voltaici), ciò nonostante la bassa tensione può essere molto pericolosa.

Definizione

Si definisce bassa tensione l'intervallo di tensione elettrica compreso:

Corrente alternata:
tra 50 e 1.000 volt

Corrente continua:
tra 120 e 1.500 volt

Valori normalizzati

Secondo la normalizzazione elettrica europea (CENELEC): Valori di bassa tensione normalizzati AC:

230, 400, 500, 690 volt

Valori di bassa tensione normalizzati DC:

220, 440 volt

Da questi valori normalizzati ne derivano le tensioni di fase $U{_{f}{_{1}}}$ = 230 V ± 10% per la tensione alternata monofase (fra conduttore polare e neutro) mentre per la tensione di linea $U_{l}={U_{f}{_{1}}}{\sqrt {3}}$ = 400 V ± 10% per la tensione alternata fra due conduttori polari. Esistono altri standard elettrici nel mondo.

Distribuzione secondaria

L'approvvigionamento con energia elettrica richiede tra l'altro linee che conducano la corrente elettrica alle utenze, a seconda delle tensioni si distinguono i vari tipi di rete. Le reti di distribuzione a bassa tensione fino a 1000 V in corrente alternata sono chiamate reti di distribuzione secondaria. Nelle cabine di trasformazione locali, la tensione di distribuzione primaria viene trasformata in bassa tensione, normalmente 400 / 230 V. Le linee secondarie a bassa tensione alimentano le abitazioni, le aziende artigianali e tutti gli altri piccoli consumatori

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Wikizionario contiene il lemma di dizionario «bassa tensione»
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file sulla bassa tensione

Controllo di autorità	GND (DE) 4171864-1

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