Assedio di Multan (1296-1297)

Assedio di Multan (1296–1297)
Data1296–1297
LuogoMultan
EsitoConquista di Multan da parte di ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn II Khalji
Comandanti
Effettivi
30000–40000 uominiSconosciute
Voci di guerre presenti su Wikipedia
Manuale

Nel novembre 1296, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn II Khalji, sovrano del sultanato di Delhi inviò una spedizione per conquistare Multan, dove si erano rifugiati i membri superstiti della famiglia del suo predecessore Jalāl al-Dīn Khalji. La città fu presa grazie alla diserzione di alcuni ufficiali. I famigliari superstiti di Jalāl al-Dīn furono imprigionati e in seguito molti di loro furono accecati o uccisi.

Contesto

ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn era diventato il sovrano del sultanato di Delhi dopo aver assassinato il suocero Jalāl al-Dīn. Fuggiti da Delhi, la vedova di Jalāl al-Dīn (l'ex regina o Malka-i-Jahan) e il figlio minore Rukn al-Dīn Ibrahim si rifugiarono a Multan, città del Punjab sotto il controllo del figlio maggiore di Jalāl al-Dīn, Arkali Khan[1]. Dopo aver rafforzato il suo controllo su Delhi, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn decise di conquistare Multan e di eliminare i superstiti della famiglia di Jalāl al-Dīn[2].

L'assedio

Ritenendo opportuno rimanere a Delhi per mantenere il controllo sul trono appena conquistato, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn non condusse personalmente la spedizione. Nel novembre 1296 inviò a Multan un esercito guidato dai generali Ulugh Khan e Zafar Khan. Questo esercito, che contava 30000–40000 soldati, pose l'assedio alla città[2].

Arkali Khan aveva previsto l'attacco di ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn e si era adeguatamente preparato per l'assedio. Tuttavia, dopo due mesi di assedio, il suo kotwal (comandante del forte) e alcuni cittadini di spicco si convinsero che le forze di ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn sarebbero risultate infine vittoriose e quindi disertarono e si unirono all'esercito di ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn[1][2].

Arkali Khan, sconfortato, cercò allora l'aiuto di Rukn-e-Alam (Sheikh Rukn al Dīn Abul Fath), che organizzò una tregua tra le parti in guerra. Rukn-e-Alam accompagnò Arkali Khan e suo fratello minore Rukn al-Dīn Ibrahim al campo di Ulugh Khan, che li accolse con dignità[2]. Su richiesta di Rukn-e-Alam, i generali di ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn promisero di non fare del male ai prigionieri, promessa che, occupata Multan, non mantennero[1]. La famiglia di Jalāl al-Dīn e i nobili che li sostenevano furono presi in custodia[2].

Conseguenze

Dopo aver preso il controllo di Multan, Ulugh Khan e Zafar Khan si diressero verso Delhi con i prigionieri. Nel frattempo ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn aveva inviato verso Multan Nuṣrat Khān Jalēsarī, con l'ordine di punire i prigionieri. Nuṣrat Khān incontrò l'esercito di ritorno da Multan ad Abohar[3]. Accecò i figli di Jalāl al-Dīn, Arkali Khan e Rukn al-Dīn Ibrahim, e in seguito li imprigionò ad Hansi. I loro fedeli ufficiali Ulghu (o Malik Alghu) e Malik Ahmad Chap furono accecati e i figli di Arkali Khan furono uccisi. La vedova di Jalāl al-Dīn, altre dame dell'harem e Ahmad Chap furono portati a Delhi e tenuti sotto sorveglianza nella casa di Nuṣrat Khān[1]. Poco dopo la conquista di Multan, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn nominò Nuṣrat Khān suo wazir (primo ministro)[3].

Note

  1. ^ a b c d Saksena, 1992, p. 331.
  2. ^ a b c d e Lal, 1950, p. 79.
  3. ^ a b Lal, 1950, p. 80.

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