Arteriosclerosi

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Arteriosclerosi
Placche all'interno dei vasi e colesterolo
Specialitàcardiologia
Eziologiainvecchiamento, ereditarietà genetica, ipertensione, iperlipoproteinemia, diabete mellito, iperuricemia, fumare tabacco, obesità, stress e uomo
Sede colpitaArterie
Classificazione e risorse esterne (EN)
MeSHD001161
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

L'arteriosclerosi è un indurimento tissutale, o sclerosi, della parete arteriosa che compare con l'avanzare dell'età, come conseguenza dell'accumulo di tessuto connettivo fibroso a scapito della componente elastica[1].

L'aterosclerosi è un particolare tipo di arteriosclerosi in cui il danno endoteliale è causato dalla formazione di placche ateromatose. Altri tipi di arteriosclerosi sono la sclerosi calcifica mediale di Mönckeberg e l'arteriolosclerosi, a sua volta distinta in arteriolosclerosi ialina e arteriolosclerosi iperplastica. L'arteriosclerosi è la causa più importante di insufficiente irrorazione sanguigna. Si parla di arteriosclerosi in caso di alterazione patologica delle arterie dovuta a depositi di grasso, indurimenti e calcificazioni nelle pareti vasali. Generalmente il processo si protrae per anni e decenni senza che un qualsiasi sintomo indichi che i vasi sanguigni sono ristretti dalla presenza di tali depositi.

Sintomi

L'arteriosclerosi ha un'evoluzione silenziosa e senza sintomi percettibili. Di solito si manifesta soltanto in stadio avanzato sotto forma di angina pectoris, di infarto cardiaco, di ictus cerebrale o di arteriopatia periferica obliterante.

Terapia

Se si individua l'arteriosclerosi, cambiamenti dello stile di vita e farmaci (antiaggreganti, ipolipemizzanti e/o antiipertensivi) possono contribuire ad evitarne le complicazioni.

Note

  1. ^ Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 20987 · LCCN (EN) sh85008111 · GND (DE) 4068866-5 · BNF (FR) cb11967791v (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007294975705171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00561682
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