Apache Jicarilla

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Apache Jicarilla
Uomo Jicarilla (1904)
 
Luogo d'origineNuovo Messico (Stati Uniti)
Popolazione3.300
LinguaLingua inglese, Lingua jirallica
ReligioneCristianesimo, religioni native-americane, Peyotismo
Gruppi correlatiTonto, Coyoteros, Chiricahua, Ndendahe, Mimbreños, Mescaleros, Plains Apache, Navajo
Manuale

I Jicarilla sono un popolo Apache.

Il termine deriva dalla parola spagnola che significa "piccolo canestro" e che si riferiva alle coppe per bere intrecciate a spirale usate da questo popolo Apache.

I Jicarilla, il cui numero oggi ammonta da 1.500 a 2.000 individui, vivono in una riserva di 750.000 acri situata sulle montagne del Nuovo Messico settentrionale.

Miti e leggende

L'antropologo Malinowski definì il mito come una realtà vissuta, accaduta in tempi primordiali e che perdura tanto da influenzare il mondo e i destini umani.[1]

Tra i Jicarilla, così come in tutte le etnie indiane, non esistono fratture tra i vari aspetti del comportamento umano, anzi vi è una correlazione fra religione, arte, scienza, politica. Il mito è necessario proprio come collante culturale, quando descrive le origini del mondo, dei riti sacri, delle arti, e delle attività quotidiane.[2] Quindi i miti fondamentali riguardano il tema della creazione, la nascita della conoscenza, i fenomeni del cielo e gli eventi naturali (stagioni, notti, giorni, piogge, ecc.), la morte e l'aldilà.

Uno dei temi più diffusi nel mito della creazione è rappresentato dall'emersione dalle profondità della terra. Nel racconto "Figli della Terra", ideato dagli Jicarilla, viene descritta la loro genesi. La terra partorisce gli esseri viventi che fino a quel momento erano rimasti al suo interno, rispettando la doppia funzione di madre procreatrice e di madre della fertilità del suolo.[3]

Note

  1. ^ "Myth in primitive Psycology" di Bronislaw Malinowski, Londra, 1926
  2. ^ "Miti e leggende degli Indiani d'America" di Giovanni Pizza, ediz. Newton&Compton, Roma, 1996 (alla pag.7,10 - voce "Introduzione")
  3. ^ "Miti e leggende degli Indiani d'America" di Giovanni Pizza, ediz. Newton&Compton, Roma, 1996 (alle pag.13,16 - voce "Figli della Terra")

Bibliografia

  • J. Mooney, The Jicarilla Genesis, in American Anthropologist, vol. 11, 1898.
  • M.E. Opler, Myths and Tales of the Jicarilla Apache, in Memoirs of the American Folklore Society, vol. 31, 1938.


Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàLCCN (EN) sh85070522 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007533607905171

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