Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata

Come leggere il tassoboxProgetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox
Come leggere il tassobox
Vite canadese
Classificazione APG IV
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
(clade)Angiosperme
(clade)Mesangiosperme
(clade)Eudicotiledoni
(clade)Eudicotiledoni centrali
(clade)Superrosidi
(clade)Rosidi
OrdineVitales
FamigliaVitaceae
GenereAmpelopsis
SpecieA. glandulosa
Classificazione Cronquist
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
SottoregnoTracheobionta
DivisioneMagnoliophyta
ClasseMagnoliopsida
SottoclasseRosidae
OrdineRhamnales
FamigliaVitaceae
GenereAmpelopsis
SpecieA. glandulosa
Nomenclatura trinomiale
Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata
(Maxim.) Momiy., 1866
Sinonimi

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata
(Maxim.) Trautv.
Ampelopsis heterophylla var. brevipedunculata
(Regel) C.L.Li

La vite canadese (Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy.) è una pianta rampicante appartenente alla famiglia Vitaceae.[1] È coltivata in molti paesi come pianta ornamentale per le sue bacche dai vari colori, dal malva al rosa al turchese, che a maturazione hanno un tipico colore blu scuro, dovuto alla presenza nella buccia di antocianidina e flavonoidi. È chiamata « porcelain berry » (bacca porcellana) nei paesi anglosassoni.

È molto simile alla vite americana (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), una pianta rampicante delle Vitaceae con la quale viene a volte confusa.

Descrizione

La vite canadese è una pianta molto vigorosa. I tralci crescono rapidamente attaccandosi a muri, recinzioni od alberi. Il fusto è legnoso, le foglie sono alterne e semplici, con 3-5 lobi più o meno pronunciati e margini seghettati. L'apice è appuntito e la base cuoriforme.

L'infiorescenza è una cima corimbiforme, che cresce in posizione opposta alle foglie. Il fiore è piccolo, con cinque petali lunghi 0,8-1,8 mm che si dipartono da un disco centrale ben sviluppato con cinque stami. Il periodo di fioritura si può estendere da aprile fino ad agosto.

Il frutto è una bacca di 5–8 mm di diametro, non commestibile. Nel corso della maturazione assume una varietà di colori: dal verde al bianco, al rosa, al lillà, al blu turchese, e infine un intenso blu scuro. I semi vengono dispersi dagli uccelli, che sono ghiotti di queste bacche.

Ne esiste una cultivar 'Elegans', con foglie screziate di bianco, rosa e verde chiaro.[2]

Diffusione

La vite canadese è originaria della Cina del nord-est, dove è ancora largamente diffusa (il nome cinese è dongbei sheputao, letteralmente « vigna serpente del nord-est »). Cresce spontanea anche in altri paesi asiatici, tra cui Corea, Giappone e Siberia.[1] Introdotta negli Stati Uniti nel 1870 e poi in Canada come pianta ornamentale, in tredici stati della costa atlantica degli Stati Uniti è considerata una pianta infestante per la tendenza a diffondersi rapidamente, sia in aree urbane che agricole. Penetra facilmente anche in boschi e foreste, abbarbicandosi ad alberi e arbusti.

Proprietà ed usi

Studi di fitochimica hanno mostrato che i frutti della vite canadese contengono dei polifenoli molto interessanti per l'uso in farmacologia, tra cui epicatechina, piceide e resveratrolo. Contengono anche oligostilbeni naturali detti "ampelopsine" (A, B, C, D, E, H3, 4). Diversi studi hanno indicato che l'ampelopsina E e suoi derivati hanno effetti benefici nella cura dell'epatite e altre malattie del fegato.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy., su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 14 gennaio 2021.
  2. ^ Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 'Elegans', su vivaigiani.it. URL consultato il 6 settembre 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 marzo 2016).

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