Amor fati

Piazza Acquaverde a Genova, dove nel 1876 Nietzsche vide per la prima volta il mare e coniò il termine "amor fati". Foto: Giorgio Sommer
Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Eterno ritorno.

Amor fati è una locuzione latina che si traduce con "l'amore del fato": una concezione del destino trattata dallo stoicismo[1] che riprendeva l'antica visione della circolarità della storia.[2]

È una massima usata da Nietzsche per definire il corretto atteggiamento dell'oltreuomo che accetta gioiosamente e quindi ama il destino al quale non può sottrarsi, poiché è egli stesso l'unico in grado di realizzarlo compiutamente:

«Lo stato più alto che un filosofo possa raggiungere è la posizione dionisiaca verso l'esistenza: la mia formula perciò è amor fati (F. Nietzsche, Frammenti Postumi 1888-1889, Adelphi, Milano, 1974, p. 282.) A tal fine occorre comprendere i lati finora negati dell'esistenza non solo come necessari bensì come desiderabili...per sé stessi come i lati più fecondi, più potenti, più veri dell'esistenza, in cui la volontà di essi si esprime più chiaramente [...] Ho scoperto come un altro e più forte tipo d'uomo debba necessariamente escogitare l'innalzamento e il potenziamento dell'uomo in un'altra direzione: esseri superiori, al di là del bene e del male ... la mia formula per la grandezza dell'uomo è amor fati: non volere nulla di diverso, né dietro né davanti a sé, per tutta l'eternità.[3]»

L'oltreuomo superando ogni schema morale o speculativo è infatti in grado di accettare l'arbitrarietà degli inaspettati accadimenti umani poiché egli non cerca la consolazione dei mali passati o di quelli che lo affliggono, né tenta di scansare il futuro affidandosi alla prevedibilità causale: egli, infatti, è al di là del tempo, nella dimensione dell'eterno ritorno.[4]

Note

  1. ^ Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, I, 109
  2. ^ Dizionario di filosofia Treccani alla voce "Cicli storici"
  3. ^ F. Nietzsche, Ecce homo, a cura di Roberto Calasso, trad. Giorgio Colli, Adelphi 1991, p.206 e sgg.
  4. ^ F. Nietzsche, Così parlò Zarathustra. Un libro per tutti e per nessuno, (1883-1885), "Il convalescente" in Opere, Adelphi, Milano 1968 pp.265 e sgg.

Bibliografia

  • Marcello Veneziani, Amor fati: la vita tra caso e destino, Edizioni Mondadori, 2010
  • Friedrich Nietzsche, Così parlò Zarathustra. Un libro per tutti e per nessuno , Adelphi, Milano 1968

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