Ama (pescatrici subacquee)

Le ama (海女^?), note anche come uminchu nella lingua di Okinawa e come kaito sulla penisola di Izu, nella cultura giapponese, delle figure tradizionali di pescatrici subacquee in apnea.

Descrizione

La parola ama significa letteralmente “donna del mare”. Secondo la tradizione giapponese, questa figura esiste da circa duemila anni.^[1] Tradizionalmente, ed almeno sino agli anni sessanta, le ama non indossavano che un leggero panno, senza alcun ausilio per la respirazione sott'acqua. Ora, a seconda della regione, indossano una maschera, le pinne o, al massimo, una leggera tuta termica. La tradizione delle ama sta scomparendo, sostituita da donne che utilizzano una muta da sub completa.

Le ama sono note per la pesca delle perle, ma soprattutto per le immersioni in cerca di prodotti del mare (per il consumo o la vendita), come alghe, aragoste, polpi, ricci di mare, abaloni, ostriche. Di solito le ama hanno anche un altro lavoro ed hanno meno incidenti rispetto agli altri tipi di apneisti professionisti, in quanto non iperventilate.

Le ama possono continuare a immergersi fino in età avanzata. Nel 2003, l'età media delle ama era di 67 anni (le più giovani intorno ai 50 anni e le più anziane sugli 87 anni).

Nella cultura di massa

Le ama sono state immortalate sulle stampe ukiyo-e di Utamaro e Hokusai (Il sogno della moglie del pescatore ne è l'esempio più famoso) e sui francobolli. Vengono citate nel libro La voce delle onde di Yukio Mishima e appaiono, inoltre nel dorama della NHK Ama-chan e nei romanzi Il respiro degli Abissi di James Nestor e Si vive solo due volte di Ian Fleming, dal quale venne tratto il film Agente 007 - Si vive solo due volte dove appare la pescatrice Kissy Suzuki.

Note

^ H. Rahn, T. Yokoyama, Physiology of Breath-Hold Diving and the Ama of Japan, United States, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, 1965, p. 369, ISBN 0-309-01341-0. URL consultato il 25 aprile 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 dicembre 2010).

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Ama

Collegamenti esterni

D P Martinez, Identity and Ritual in a Japanese Village, University of Hawaii Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8248-2817-2.
Yoshiyuki Iwase (Photographer, 1904-2001).
Canalplus.fr Comme un poisson dans l'eau: le Japon, su canalplus.fr.
United Nations University (2009) digital video "Where the sea whistle echoes": Ama, legendary women divers of Japan facing climate change and an uncertain future, su youtube.com.
Ocn.ne.jp, su www2.ocn.ne.jp. URL consultato il 2 settembre 2006 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 settembre 2006).
Archive.rubicon-foundation.org. URL consultato il 13 marzo 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale l'8 settembre 2012).

Controllo di autorità	NDL (EN, JA) 00560157

Portale Giappone

Portale Mare

Read other articles:

MV Glen Rosa

Ferry under construction Hull under construction, as of January 2020 History NameGlen Rosa NamesakeGlen Rosa on the Isle of Arran OwnerCaledonian Maritime Assets Limited OperatorCaledonian MacBrayne Port of registryGlasgow RouteArdrossan - Brodick Ordered2016 BuilderFerguson Marine (Port Glasgow) Ltd., UK Cost£97 million contract for two ferries, current cost estimate £250 million[1] Yard number802 Laid down16 June 2016 Launched9th of April 2024 (expected) CompletedMay 202...

Jim Saxton

Jim Saxton Hugh James Jim Saxton, född 22 januari 1943 i Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, är en amerikansk republikansk politiker. Han var ledamot av USA:s representanthus 1984-2009. Saxton gick i skola i Lackawanna Trail High School i Factoryville. Han avlade 1965 sin grundexamen vid East Stroudsburg State College. Han studerade sedan vidare vid Temple University i Philadelphia. Han flyttade därefter till New Jersey och arbetade som lärare. Kongressledamoten Edwin B. Forsythe avled 1984 i �...

Hutu

Hutu Abahutu Seorang anak Hutu di RwandaDaerah dengan populasi signifikanRwanda, Burundi, Timur Republik Demokratik KongoBahasaRwanda-Rundi, Inggris dan PrancisAgamaKristenKelompok etnik terkaitTutsi, Twa Hutu adalah sebuah nama dari tiga kelompok etnis yang mendiami Burundi dan Rwanda. Hutu merupakan yang terbesar, 85% dari penduduk Rwanda dan Burundi adalah Hutu. Secara budaya, grup ini hanya pembagian buatan, berdasarkan pada kelas sosial daripada etnisitas, karena tidak ada perbedaan baha...

Burhan Ghalioun

Syrian political scientist, opposition figure Burhan Ghaliounبرهان غليونPresident of the Syrian National CouncilIn office29 August 2011 – 10 June 2012DeputyHaitham al-MalehPreceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byAbdulbaset Sieda Personal detailsBorn (1945-02-11) 11 February 1945 (age 79)Homs, SyriaAlma materDamascus University Burhan Ghalioun (Arabic: برهان غليون, romanized: Burhān Ghalyūn; born 11 February 1945 in Homs, Syria) is a French-Syrian ...

Philip Cochran

For the biologist, see Philip A. Cochran. Philip Gerald CochranColonel Philip Cochran, USAAF, in 1944.Born(1910-01-29)January 29, 1910Erie, PennsylvaniaDiedAugust 26, 1979(1979-08-26) (aged 69)Geneseo, New YorkAllegiance United StatesService/branchU.S. Army Air Corps (1935–1941)U.S. Army Air Forces (1941–1945)Years of service1935–1945RankColonelCommands held1st Air Commando GroupBattles/warsWorld War II North African Campaign Burma Campaign AwardsDistinguished...

友谊勋章 (俄罗斯)

关于与「友谊勋章 (俄罗斯)」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「友谊勋章 (消歧义)」。友谊勋章类型单级勋章（仅设有一个等级）授予原因加强各民族友谊、交流与合作国家／地区俄罗斯颁发单位俄羅斯颁授资格俄罗斯国民及世界各民族人民設立時間1994年3月2日[1]首次颁发康斯坦丁·蒂托夫（萨马拉州州长）绶带优先顺序上等荣誉勋章下等光荣父母�...

1st Northern Ireland Assembly

Northern Ireland MLAs 1998 to 2003 1st Northern Ireland Assembly ←Forum 2nd Assembly→OverviewLegislative bodyAssemblyJurisdictionNorthern IrelandMeeting placeParliament Buildings,StormontTerm1 July 1998 – 14 October 2002Election1998 assembly electionGovernmentExecutive of the 1st AssemblyMembers108SpeakerLord AlderdiceFirst MinisterDavid Trimble— Reg Empeyuntil 6 November 2001— David Trimbleuntil 1 July 2001Deputy First MinisterMark Durkan— Seamus Mallonuntil 6 Novemb...

36th Infantry Division (United States)

US Army National Guard formation For the Confederate States Army division during the American Civil War, see Walker's Greyhounds. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 36th Infantry Division United States – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove t...

Federal Center SW station

Washington Metro station Federal Center SW Station platform with Vienna-bound Orange Line train arriving in September 2023General informationLocation401 Third St SWWashington, D.C.Owned byWashington Metropolitan Area Transit AuthorityPlatforms1 island platformTracks2Connections Metrobus: 32, 36, P6 MTA Maryland Commuter BusConstructionStructure typeUndergroundBicycle facilities2 racksAccessibleYesOther informationStation codeD04HistoryOpenedJuly 1, 1977; 47 years ago (July ...

Peterborough—Kawartha

Federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada For the provincial electoral district, see Peterborough—Kawartha (provincial electoral district). For other uses, see Peterborough (disambiguation). Peterborough—Kawartha Ontario electoral districtPeterborough in relation to southern Ontario ridingsFederal electoral districtLegislatureHouse of CommonsMP Michelle FerreriConservativeDistrict created1953First contested1953Last contested2021District webpageprofile, mapDemographi...

Canadian and American Reformed Churches

Canadian and American Reformed ChurchesClassificationProtestantTheologyOrthodox ReformedGovernancePresbyterianAssociationsInternational Conference of Reformed Churches, North American Presbyterian and Reformed CouncilOrigin16 April 1950 Lethbridge, Alberta (Canada)Branched fromReformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated)Congregations70 (2023)[1]Members19,494 (2018)[2]Official websitecanrc.org The Canadian and American Reformed Churches (CanRC) is a federation of Protestant...

Automotive industry in Iran

The IKCO REERA is an Iranian-made car Iran’s automotive industry is the third most active industry of the country, after its oil and gas industry, accounting for 10% of Iran's GDP and 4% of the workforce (700,000 person).[1][2][3] Iran developed a significant automotive industry with annual production of up to 200,000 units under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's regime. But after the Iranian Revolution of 1979 production drastically decreased due to Iran–Iraq War ...

Mudhoney (film)

1965 film by Russ Meyer For other uses, see Mudhoney (disambiguation). MudhoneyTheatrical release posterDirected byRuss MeyerWritten byW.E. SpragueRaymond Friday LockeBased onStreets Paved with Goldby Raymond Friday LockeProduced byGeorge CostelloEve MeyerRuss MeyerStarringHal HopperAntoinette CristianiJohn FurlongRena HortenPrincess LivingstonLorna MaitlandSam HannaStuart LancasterCinematographyWalter SchenkEdited byRuss MeyerCharles G. SchellingMusic byHenri PriceDistributed byEve Productio...

Gilead Sciences

Gilead Sciences, Inc. Тип Публичная компания Листинг на бирже NASDAQ: GILD Основание 1987 Основатели Майкл Риордан Расположение США: Фостер-сити, Калифорния Ключевые фигуры Дэниэл О’Дэй (председатель совета директоров и CEO)[1] Отрасль Фармацевтическая промышленность Продукция Desc...

Don't Lose Your Cool

This article is about the album by Albert Collins. For the song by Ted Hawkins, see Don't Lose Your Cool (song). 1983 studio album by Albert CollinsDon't Lose Your CoolStudio album by Albert CollinsReleased1983StudioRed Label Recording, Winnetka, IllinoisGenreBluesLength40:09LabelAlligatorProducerBruce Iglauer, Dick Shurman, Albert CollinsAlbert Collins chronology Frostbite(1980) Don't Lose Your Cool(1983) Cold Snap(1986) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1]...

List of barrios and sectors of Canóvanas, Puerto Rico

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Canóvanas is subdivided into administrative units called barrios, which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions.[1] The barrios and subbarrios,[2] in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others. Some sectors appear ...

Ferrol, Spain

Municipality in Galicia, SpainFerrolMunicipalityFerrol natural harbour, the city is in the background to the right FlagCoat of armsLocation of FerrolFerrolShow map of GaliciaFerrolShow map of SpainCoordinates: 43°29′04″N 08°13′58″W / 43.48444°N 8.23278°W / 43.48444; -8.23278Country SpainAutonomous community GaliciaProvinceA CoruñaComarcaFerrolFishing Village1st century BCChristian Outpost8th centuryRoyal Arsenal16th centuryRoyal Dockyard18th cen...

Chalon-sur-Saône

Subprefecture and commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, FranceChalon-sur-SaôneSubprefecture and communeA general view of Chalon-sur-Saône Coat of armsLocation of Chalon-sur-Saône Chalon-sur-SaôneShow map of FranceChalon-sur-SaôneShow map of Bourgogne-Franche-ComtéCoordinates: 46°46′50″N 4°51′10″E / 46.7806°N 4.8528°E / 46.7806; 4.8528CountryFranceRegionBourgogne-Franche-ComtéDepartmentSaône-et-LoireArrondissementChalon-sur-SaôneCantonChalon-sur-Saô...

Армянский легион вермахта

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Армянский легион.Армянский легионнем. Armenische Legionарм. Հայկական լեգեոն Эмблема Армянского легиона Годы существования 1941—1944 Страна Нацистская Германия Входит в Восточные легионы Тип пехота Включает в себя 11 баталь�...

Grey-eared honeyeater

Species of bird Grey-eared honeyeater Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Meliphagidae Genus: Lichmera Species: L. incana Binomial name Lichmera incana(Latham, 1790) The grey-eared honeyeater (Lichmera incana), also known as the dark-brown honeyeater, is a passerine bird of the honeyeater family which is found in Vanuatu and New Caledonia in th...