Alchilfenoli

struttura chimica del nonilfenolo, un alchilfenolo con catena alchilica R composta da 9 atomi di carbonio

Gli alchilfenoli (abbreviati con AP) sono sostanze chimiche caratterizzate da un gruppo fenolico cui è legato uno o più gruppi alchilici R. Il numero di atomi di carbonio della catena alchilica R e la presenza di doppi o tripli legami può variare. Gli alchilfenoli esistono sia come composti naturali sia come prodotti artificiali o di sintesi.

Produzione

Si producono a partire dal fenolo e dalle olefine.

Uso

Gli alchilfenoli più usati sono quelli sintetici tipo nonilfenoli etossilati (NPE) e gli ottilfenoli etossilati (OPE), utilizzati come agenti tensioattivi, emulsificatori, disperdenti e imbibenti soprattutto in varie applicazioni industriali ma anche nei prodotti di consumo come quelli per uso cosmetico, di tolettatura e parafarmaceutico. Si riscontra inoltre l'uso di derivati come antiossidanti in alcuni tipi di plastica.

Pericolosità

Tossicità sugli animali

Queste sostanze sono in genere fisiologicamente molto attive. Alcuni composti sono riconosciuti come la causa di dermatiti ed allergie, per altri si stanno raccogliendo ancora i dati medici in seguito alla prolungata esposizione.

Pericolosità per l'ambiente

Gli alchilfenoli sono persistenti, bioaccumulabili e tossici per gli organismi acquatici.

Bibliografia

  • Uso, distribuzione, rischio e regolamentazione di cinque gruppi chiave d'inquinanti chimici oggetto d'indagine. Greenpeace Italia, giugno 2003

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

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