Abelisauroidea

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Abelisauroidea

Scheletro di Majungasaurus, Stony Brook University

Scheletro di Masiakasaurus, Royal Ontario Museum
Stato di conservazione
Fossile
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
SuperordineDinosauria
SottordineTheropoda
Clade†Ceratosauria
Clade†Neoceratosauria
SuperfamigliaAbelisauroidea
Bonaparte & Novas, 1985
Famiglie

La superfamiglia degli abelisauroidi (Abelisauroidea Bonaparte & Novas, 1985) comprende dinosauri carnivori dalle caratteristiche primitive, appartenenti al gruppo dei teropodi Ceratosauri e vissuti però alla fine dell'era dei dinosauri, ovvero nel Cretaceo.[1][2][3][4].

Distribuzione e habitat

Questi dinosauri carnivori sono vissuti essenzialmente nei continenti meridionali (forse anche in Europa, ma la cosa non è affatto sicura), prosperando soprattutto dove carnosauri e celurosauri erano più rari o assenti. Anzi in buona parte del Gondwana sembrerebbe che verso la fine del Cretaceo, gli Abelisauroidi e gruppi con essi imparentati occupassero quasi completamente le nicchie da teropode non aviano. In particolar modo a metà Cretaceo Spinosauridi e Carcarodontosauridi sparirono o (nel secondo caso, probabilmente) si ridussero drasticamente per numero e varietà di generi e per diffusione geografica, permettendo agli Abelisauroidi di occupare alcune delle loro nicchie ecologiche.

Gli Abelisauroidi mantennero alcune caratteristiche "primitive" o meglio basali dei Ceratosauri, evolvendosi però in molti modi sorprendenti e diversificandosi in numerosissimi generi e famiglie per ora poco conosciuti. È interessante notare come, tra gli Abelisauroidi, si siano sviluppate forme simili alle loro controparti settentrionali. Ad esempio gli abelisauridi erano di grandi dimensioni e possedevano grossi crani con denti acuminati, proprio come i tirannosauridi del Laurasia. I noasauridi, invece, erano piccoli carnivori analoghi, per nicchia ecologica, ai dromeosauridi e ai troodontidi del gruppo dei tetanuri.

Descrizione

Le principali caratteristiche degli abelisauroidei riguardano il cranio, di solito stranamente accorciato e dotato di una mandibola gracile, e le vertebre: queste ultime possedevano insoliti processi laterali molto allungati, che suggerirebbero la presenza di un tipo di muscolatura molto particolare.

Sistematica

Gli abelisauroidea sono definiti come un clado molto vasto che contiene il Carnotaurus Sastrei (Bonaparte, 1985)[5][6] e il Noasaurus Leali (Bonaparte & Powell, 1980). Sono tutti teropodi più imparentati con il carnotaurus che con i ceratosauria.[7].

Classificazione

Note

  1. ^ The Paleobiology Database
  2. ^ Rauhut Oliver W. M., 2005 , Post-cranial remains of ‘coelurosaurs’ (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Tanzania, Geological Magazine, Vol. 142, 1, pag. 97-107, doi 10.1017/S0016756804000330
  3. ^ Rauhut Oliver W. M., Theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Tanzania and the origin of Cretaceous Gondwanan theropod faunas, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol. 26, Suppl. 113A, 2006.
  4. ^ Carrano Matthew T., Sampson Scott C., 2008, The phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, vol. 6, pag.183-236, DOI 10.1017/S1477201907002246
  5. ^ Wilson, J.A., Sereno, P.C., Srivastava, S., Bhatt, D.K., Khosla, A. & Sahni, A., A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India, Contributions of the Museum of Palaeontology of the University of Michigan, vol. 31, pag. 1-42, 2003.
  6. ^ Sereno, P. C. 2005. Abelisauroidea. Stem Archosauria—TaxonSearch [version 1.0, 2005 November 7]
  7. ^ Tykoski Ronald, Rowe Timothy, Ceratosauria, Weishampel David B., Dodson Peter, Halszka Osmólska (ed.), The Dinosauria, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2004, pag. 47-70, ISBN 0-520-24209-2

Bibliografia

  • Oliver W. M. Rauhut., The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. „Special Papers in Palaeontology”. 69, ss. 1–213, 2003.
  • Paul C. Sereno, Jeffrey A. Wilson, Jack L. Conrad. New dinosaurs link southern landmasses in the Mid–Cretaceous. „Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences”. 271 (1546), ss. 1325–1330, 2004. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2692 .
  • Ronan Allain, Ronald Tykoski, Najat Aquesbi, Nour-Eddine Jalil, Michel Monbaron, Dale Russell i Philippe Taquet. An abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. „Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology”. 27 (3), ss. 610–624, 2007. doi:10.1671%2F0272-4634(2007)27%5B610%3AAADTFT%5D2.0.CO%3B2 .

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