Abckiria

La prima pagina dell'Abckiria.

L'Abckiria (conosciuto anche come ABC-kiria o ABC-kirja in finlandese moderno) è il primo libro stampato e pubblicato in lingua finlandese. Il titolo vuol dire "Il libro dell'ABC".[1]

Venne scritto dal vescovo riformista Mikael Agricola e fu pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1543. Agricola scrisse questo libro mentre stava lavorando alla prima traduzione in finlandese del Nuovo Testamento, opera che terminò nel 1548 col titolo Se Wsi Testamenti.[2]

L'Abckiria era un manuale elementare il cui scopo era insegnare a leggere e a scrivere. Conteneva l'alfabeto, esercizi di ortografia, il Catechismo, i Dieci Comandamenti, il Padre Nostro, una illustrazione dei Sacramenti, una serie di preghiere per la giornata e i numeri.[3] La prima edizione contava sedici pagine, mentre la seconda, probabilmente pubblicata nel 1551, era di ventiquattro pagine.[4] Non sono rimasti esemplari completi di queste due edizioni, tuttavia è stato possibile recuperarne i contenuti collazionando i materiali esistenti.[5]

Oggigiorno la parte più nota del libro è il poema d'apertura, i cui primi versi sono:[6]

(FI)

«Oppe nyt wanha / ia noori /
joilla ombi Sydhen toori.
Jumalan keskyt / ia mielen /
iotca taidhat Somen kielen.»

(IT)

«Imparate ora, vecchi e giovani dal cuore generoso, i comandamenti e la volontà di Dio, in modo che possiate conoscere la lingua finlandese»

Il poema continua così:

«Laki / se Sielun hirmutta /
mutt Cristus sen tas lodhutta.
Lue sijs hyue Lapsi teste /
Alcu oppi ilman este.
Nijte muista Elemes aina /
nin Jesus sinun Armons laina.»

Note

  1. ^ Häkkinen, 2015, p. 53.
  2. ^ Agricola, Mikael, su treccani.it, Enciclopedia Treccani online, edizione del 1929. URL consultato il 24 Agosto 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 24 agosto 2020).
  3. ^ (EN) Kirsi Salonen, Reformation and the Medieval Roots of the Finnish Education, in Kaius Sinnemäki, Anneli Portman, Jouni Tilli e Robert H. Nelson (a cura di), On the Legacy of Lutheranism in Finland: Societal Perspectives, Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, 2019, p. 107, ISBN 978-951-858-135-5.
  4. ^ Häkkinen, 2015, p. 57.
  5. ^ Häkkinen, 2015, p. 55.
  6. ^ (EN) Auli Hakulinen, The Word ny(t) as an Adverb and a Particle in Finnish, in Peter Auer e Yael Maschler (a cura di), NU / NÅ: A Family of Discourse Markers Across the Languages of Europe and Beyond, Berlino, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co, 2016, p. 288, ISBN 978-3-11-034898-9.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Kaisa Häkkinen, Spreading the Written Word: Mikael Agricola and the Birth of Literary Finnish, traduzione di Leonard Pearl, Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, 2015, p. 53, ISBN 978-952-222-674-7.

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