Fornleifafræði

Gvendarlaug í Bjarnafirði.

Fornleifafræði er fræðigrein, sem fjallar um manninn út frá margvíslegum hliðum, t.a.m. út frá beinum (dýra- og manna), gripum (þ.m.t. byggingum), landslagi, ljosmyndum, kortum og öðrum skjölum. Helstu aðferðir fornleifafræðinga er fornleifaskráning og fornleifauppgröftur. Fornleifafræðingar fást við rannsóknir á ólíkum tímum, t.d. forsögulegum, miðöldum, og á minjum nútímasamfélaga.

Saga fornleifafræði á Íslandi

Fram til 1850

Á meginlandi Evrópu fór áhugi á fornminjum vaxandi samhliða hugmyndum um ríkisvald á 16. og 17. öld. Nýstofnuð ríki þurftu að geta sýnt fram á að ríkisbúar sínir ættu sameiginlega fortíð og upprunasögu; vegna þess beindist áhugi fólks að slíkum gripum og minjastöðum.[1] Álíka var að gerast á Íslandi þar sem fornfræðingar heimsóttu merkilega sögustaði sem nefndir voru í íslendingasögum.[2]

Fyrsta heildarskráning fornleifa á Íslandi var á vegum dönsku fornleifanefndarinnar á árunum milli 1817 og 1823. Konungur Danmerkur sendi skipunarbréf árið 1807 um að skrá fornleifar í Danmörku og áttu skrásetjarar að vera sóknarprestur sem mundu skrifa ritgerð um fornleifar í sinni sókn. Prestar áttu að líta sérstaklega til staðbunda minja um fornsögur og elstu leifar stjórnvalds, t.d. dómhringi og þingstaði.[3]

Tengt efni

Frekara lesefni

  • Adolf Friðriksson. (1994). Sagas and Popular Antiquarianism in Icelandic Archaeology. Aldershot: Avebury.
  • Birna Lárusdóttir (ritstj.). (2013). Mannvist: Sýnisbók íslenskra fornleifa. Reykjavík: Opna.
  • Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir. (2010). Sagan af klaustrinu á Skriðu. Reykjavík: Þjóðminjasafn Íslands.
  • Orri Vésteinsson, Gavin Lucas, Kristborg Þórsdóttir og Ragnheiður Gló Gylfadóttir (ritstj.). (2011). Upp á yfirborðið: Nýjar rannsóknir í íslenskri fornleifafræði. Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands.

Heimildaskrá

  • Thomas, J. (2004). Archaeology and Modernity. New York: Routledge.

Tenglar

  • „Hvað eru fornleifar?“. Vísindavefurinn.
  • „Hvernig vita fornleifafræðingar hvar þeir eiga að grafa þegar þeir leita að fornleifum?“. Vísindavefurinn.
  • „Hvaða aðferðir nota fornleifafræðingar við að tímasetja fornleifar?“. Vísindavefurinn.
  1. Thomas, J. (2004). Archaeology and Modernity, bls. 4.
  2. Adolf Friðriksson og Orri Vésteinsson. (1998). Fornleifaskráning - Brot úr íslenskri vísindasögu, bls. 19
  3. Frásögur um fornaldaleifar, bls. xxxvii-xxxviii

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