Maratono

Maratono en Berlin, en 2007.

Maratono esas kurado-konkurso kun oficala disto di 42 kilometri e 125 metri, ordinare eventanta sur stradi o chosei. L'evento kreesis por l'unesma moderna Olimpiala Ludi, qua eventis en 1896, kom memorigo dil Greka soldato Fidipides, anke konocata kom Filipides.

Fidipides anuncas en Athina la vinko dal Greki.

Segun legendo, Filipides kuris de batali-agro en Maraton til Athina, distanta per 42 kilometri, por anuncar ke la Greki vinkis la Persiani lor la batalio di Maraton, qua eventis en agosto o septembro dil yaro 490 aK.[1] Pos anuncir la vinko, ilu mortis por exhausteso.

Existas debato pri l'exakteso di ta legendo.[2][3] Greka historiisto Herodotos, la precipua fonto di informi pri Greka-Persiana militi, mencionas ke Fidipides esis l'estafeto qua kuris de Athina til Sparta - interdistanta per plua kam 240 km - por demandar helpo, e pose retrokuris. En kelka manuskripti da Herodotos, la nomo dil estafeto skribesis Filipides, ma ilu ne mencionas estafeto sendita de Maraton vers Athina.

Existas du treki de Maraton til Athina: la maxim kurta havas cirkume 34.5 km ma krucumas montoza tereno. L'altra treko krucumas tereni plu plana e havas entote 40.8 km. Tamen, on kredas ke Fidipides ne uzis ta treko, pro ke Persiana trupi okupis la sudo di ol.

Moderna maratono

Maratono dum l'Olimpiala Ludi en Athina, 1896.

Kande l'ideo pri rikrear l'Olimpiala Ludi aparis, fine di la 19ma yarcento, l'instituceri deziris granda populara evento, qua rimemorigos la glorio di Anciena Grekia. Michel Bréal sugestis la kreo di la maratono, e Pierre de Coubertin aceptis ol. Ante l'Olimpiala Ludi, Charilaos Vasilakos kuris l'unesma maratono ye la 10ma di marto 1896, kun tempo di 3 hori e 18 minuti, por trairar 40 km. La championo di l'unesma Olimpiala Ludi esis Greka atleto Spyridon Louis, kun tota tempo di 2 hori, 58 minuti e 50 sekundi.

Pos ke Usan atleto Johnny Hayes vinkis la maratono dum l'Olimpiala Ludi en London, 1908, kreskis en Usa l'intereso pri kuradi di longa disto. En 1909 la maratono di New York eventis dum la dio di Nov-yaro. Anke en 1908 eventis maratoni dum la Dio di Dank-Expreso (Thanksgiving Day), en la dio pos la Krist-nasko, en la dio di Nov-yaro, en la Naskodio di (George) Washington ed en la Naskodio di (Abraham) Lincoln.

Mulieri kuris maratono unesma-foye dum l'Olimpiala Ludi di 1984 en Los Angeles. Joan Benoit kompletigis ol en 2 hori, 24 minuti e 52 sekundi[4].

Nuna rekordo en maratoni por viri esas 2 hori, 6 minuti e 32 sekundi, establisita da Keniana Samuel Wanjiru dum l'Olimpiala Ludi en Beijing, 2008. Por mulieri, la rekordo esas 2 hori, 23 minuti e 14 sekundi, establisita da Japoniana Naoko Takahashi dum l'Olimpiala Ludi en Sydney, 2000.

Referi

  1. ↑ The Moon and the Marathon, Sky & Telescope. Skytonight.com (19ma di julio 2004). Vidita ye la 18ma di aprilo 2013.
  2. ↑ Prologue: The Legend - Publikigita da Marathonguide.com. URL vidita ye 22ma di agosto 2009. Idiomo: Angla.
  3. ↑ Holland, Tom (2007) Persian Fire, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, ISBN 0307386988.
  4. ↑ "Olympic Champion Joan Benoit Samuelson to be Guest of Honor at Manchester Marathon - Registration Closed" Cool Running

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