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Vascularisation

 

Vascularisation ma ọ bụ neovascularization (neo- + vascular + -ization) bụ usoro ahụike nke akwara ọbara na-emepụta na anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ.

Ihe ndị na-eto eto na-egbochi neovascularization gụnyere ndị na-emetụta nkewa sel endothelial na ọdịiche. Ihe ndị a na-eto eto na-emekarị na paracrine ma ọ bụ autocrine; ha gụnyere ihe na-eto eto fibroblast, ihe na-eto eto placental, ihe na-eto eto dị ka insulin, ihe na-eto eto hepatocyte, na ihe na-eto endothelial nke sitere na platelet.[1]

Ọ nwere ike ime site na angiogenesis (nhazi nke arịa ọbara ọhụrụ sitere na ndị dịbu adị), vasculogenesis (mmepụta arịa ọbara n'oge mmepe, karịsịa na embrayo) ma ọ bụ arteriogenesis (ebe obere arịa na-abawanye n'ime akwara na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke).[2]

Vasculogenesis

  Vasculogenesis bụ usoro nhazi arịa ọbara, nke na-eme site na mmepụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial.[1] Ọ bụ ọkwa mbụ nke nhazi netwọkụ vaskụla, nke na-esote angiogenesis.[3][4]

Nke a bụ mmepụta nke akwara ọbara n'oge mmalite mmepe ọkachasị na embryo. Akwara ọbara na-amalite site na mkpụrụ ndụ pụrụ iche a maara dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ nna nna endothelial. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a na-emekarị n'oge uto embryo, ọ pụkwara ime n'etiti ndị okenye mgbe ahụ chọrọ idozi akwara ọbara mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ too ọhụrụ mgbe mmerụ ahụ mere.[5]

Vasculogenesis bụ mmepụta nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ, n'Agwaetiti ọbara, nke na-ebu ụzọ pụta na mesoderma nke akpa yolk na izu 3 nke mmepe, [6] mgbe enweghị ndị dịbu adị. [7] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na monolayer nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial amalite itolite iji mepụta Capillaries, angiogenesis na-eme. Vasculogenesis, n'ụzọ dị iche, bụ mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebute endothelial (Angioblasts) na-akwaga ma na-adị iche na nzaghachi maka ihe ngosi mpaghara (dị ka ihe na-eto eto na matrix extracellular) iji mepụta akwara ọbara ọhụrụ. A na-egbutu osisi vascular ndị a ma gbasaa site na angiogenesis.

Vasculogenesis nwekwara ike ibilite na ihe ndị toro eto site na mkpụrụ ndụ nna nna endothelial na-agbasa (ihe sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ stem). Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a nwere ike inye aka, ọ bụ ezie na n'ogo dịgasị iche iche, na neovascularization. Ihe atụ nke ebe vasculogenesis nwere ike ime na ndị okenye bụ:

  • Uto nke akpụ (lee HP59)
  • Revascularization ma ọ bụ neovascularization mgbe trauma gasịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe obi ischemia ma ọ bụ retinal ischemia gasịrị
  • Endometriosis - O yiri ka ihe ruru 37% nke microvascular endothelium nke ectopic endometrial tissue sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ nna nna endothelial.[8]

Angiogenesis

  Ọ bụ usoro ebe akwara ọbara ọhụrụ na-emepụta site na ndị dịbu adị. Nke a na-eme n'ụzọ okike mgbe ahụ chọrọ idozi anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mgbe ọnyá chọrọ ịgwọ. Ọ na-akpali site na mgbaàmà sitere na ihe ndị na-eto eto, dị ka Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), nke na-akwalite mmepụta nke arịa ọhụrụ. Otú ọ dị, usoro a nwere ike ịga nke ọma mgbe ụfọdụ na mmepụta akpụ ebe ọ na-enye ohere ka akpụ mepụta ọbara nke ha ma buru ibu, nke nwere ike ibute ọrịa dịka ọrịa kansa.[9]

Angiogenesis bụ ụdị neovascularization a na-ahụkarị na mmepe na uto, ọ dịkwa mkpa ma na usoro ahụike ma na usoro ọrịa. Angiogenesis na-ewere ọnọdụ site na mmepụta nke arịa ọhụrụ site na arịa ndị dịbu adị. Nke a na-eme site na ntolite nke capillaries ọhụrụ site na post-capillary venules, na-achọ nhazi ziri ezi nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ na ntinye aka na nkwurịta okwu nke ọtụtụ ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ. A na-amalite usoro dị mgbagwoju anya na nzaghachi maka ischemia ma ọ bụ hypoxia, na-eduga na ntọhapụ nke ihe angiogenic dị ka VEGF na HIF-1. Nke a na-eduga na vasodilatation na mmụba nke vascular permeability, na-edughachi angiogenesis ma ọ bụ angiogenesis intussusceptive.[2]

Ọrịa akwara

Templeeti:Development of circulatory systemNke a bụ usoro ebe obere akwara ọbara na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-etolite n'ime akwara na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Nke a na-emekarị na nzaghachi maka ịrị elu nke mkpa dị n'ahụ dịka n'oge mmega ahụ ma ọ bụ mgbe akwara ọbara na-egbochi. Nke a na-enyere aka ijide n'aka na a na-enye anụ ahụ ọbara na oxygen zuru ezu.[10]

Arteriogenesis bụ usoro nke remodeling metụtara flow nke vasculature dị ugbu a iji mepụta akwara ndị na-akwado. Nke a nwere ike ime na nzaghachi maka ọrịa vascular ischemic ma ọ bụ mụbaa ọchịchọ (dịka ọzụzụ mmega ahụ). Arteriogenesis na-akpata site na ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe a kapịrị ọnụ, dị ka nrụgide shear na ọbara na-aga.[2]

Lymphangiogenesis

  1. ↑ Neely (1998-09-01). "Ocular Neovascularization". The American Journal of Pathology 153 (3): 665–670. DOI:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65607-6. ISSN 0002-9440. PMID 9736014. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Marín-García (2007). "11: Cardiac Neovascularization: Angiogenesis, Arteriogenesis, and Vasculogensis", Post-Genomic Cardiology, 1, Academic Press. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-373698-7.X5000-1. ISBN 978-0-12-373698-7. 
  3. ↑ Patan (2004). "Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis", Angiogenesis in Brain Tumors, Cancer Treatment and Research, 3–32. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-8871-3_1. ISBN 978-1-4613-4699-9. 
  4. ↑ (2 May 2011) Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary., 32nd, Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9781416062578. 
  5. ↑ Asahara (1997-02-14). "Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis" (in en). Science 275 (5302): 964–966. DOI:10.1126/science.275.5302.964. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9020076. 
  6. ↑ Sadler (2011). Medical Embryology, 12th. LWW. 
  7. ↑ Endoderm -- Developmental Biology -- NCBI Bookshelf. Retrieved on 2010-04-07.
  8. ↑ Laschke (2011). "Vasculogenesis: A new piece of the endometriosis puzzle". Human Reproduction Update 17 (5): 628–636. DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmr023. PMID 21586449. 
  9. ↑ Carmeliet (December 2005). "Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine". Nature 438 (7070): 932–936. DOI:10.1038/nature04478. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16355210. 
  10. ↑ Cai (2008-08-01). "Mechanisms of arteriogenesis". Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 40 (8): 681–692. DOI:10.1093/abbs/40.8.681. ISSN 1672-9145. PMID 18685784. 

Usoro a yiri angiogenesis mana ọ na-agụnye ịmepụta arịa lymphatic nke dị mkpa maka ịdọrọ mmiri karịrị akarị na ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ. Usoro a bụkwa isi ihe maka ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọzịza na mgbasa nke ọrịa kansa.[1]

Ojiji na ọgwụ

Na ọrịa kansa, akpụ na-achịkwa usoro vascularisation nke ahụ iji nye onwe ha ọbara, na-enyere ha aka ito ma gbasaa. A na-eji ọgwụgwọ anti-angiogenic eme ihe ugbu a na njikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ maka nlekọta kansa. [2] [3] [4][5] Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody & VEGF inhibitor ka a kwadoro maka iji ya na ọgwụgwọ kansa.[6]

Ọrịa anya

Ọrịa akwara na-emetụta akwara

Corneal neovascularization bụ ọnọdụ ebe akwara ọbara ọhụrụ na-abanye na cornea site na limbus. A na-akpali ya mgbe nguzozi dị n'etiti ihe ndị na-egbochi angiogenic na ihe ndị na'egbochi angiogen na-emebi nke na-eme ka corneal na-apụta ìhè. Akwara ọbara ọhụrụ ndị na-eto eto nwere ike iduga ọzịza na-adịgide adịgide, mpụga abụba n'ime anụ ahụ corneal, na mbelata nke ngosipụta corneal, nke nwere ike imetụta anya.[7]

Retinopathy nke ịmụ nwa n'oge

Retinopathy nke ịmụ nwa n'oge bụ ọnọdụ na-eme na ụmụ amụrụ n'oge. N'ime ụmụ a mụkwuru n'oge, retina emebeghị vascularized kpamkpam. Kama ịga n'ihu n'ụzọ dị mma n'ụdị akpa nwa, vascularization nke retina na-akpaghasị, na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọbara n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma n'etiti mpaghara vascularized na avascular retina. Akwara ọbara ndị a na-eto n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịbanye n'ime vitreous humor, ebe ha nwere ike ịpụ ọbara ma ọ bụ mee ka retinal wepụ na ụmụ ọhụrụ.[8]

Ọrịa shuga

Diabetic retinopathy bụ ọrịa anya na ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga nke na-eme ka akwara ọbara retinal ghara ịdị ike. Ọganihu mbụ na-adịghị amụba bụ nke arịa ndị na-agbapụta agbapụta. Ka a na-edozi mmebi nke arịa ahụ ka oge na-aga, ha na-emesị mechie, na-eduga na retinopathy shuga na-amụba. Capillaries ndị a na-ekpuchi na-emepụta mpaghara nke ischemic retina ma na-akpata ntọhapụ nke ihe ndị na-eto eto angiogenic. Ihe ndị a na-eto eto na-akpali mmụba nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ site na retinal venules dịbu adị. Ọ bụ isi ihe na-akpata ìsì nke ndị okenye nọ n'afọ ịrụ ọrụ.[8][9]

Mgbasawanye macular metụtara afọ ndụ

N'ime ndị karịrị afọ iri isii na ise, nkwarụ macular metụtara afọ bụ isi ihe na-akpata nnukwu nsogbu ịhụ ụzọ. Otu ụdị nke macular degeneration metụtara afọ, mmiri macular degenersation, bụ nke a na-akọwa site na mmepụta nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ nke sitere na choroidal vasculature ma gbasaa n'ime oghere subretinal.[8]

Choroidal neovascularization

Na ophthalmology, choroid_neovascularization" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Choroidal neovascularization">choroidal neovascularization bụ mmepụta nke microvasculature n'ime ime nke choroid nke anya.[10] Neovascularization n'anya nwere ike ịkpata ụdị glaucoma (neovascularizations glaucoma) ma ọ bụrụ na nnukwu akwara ọbara ọhụrụ ahụ na-egbochi mmiri na-esi n'ime anya apụta.

Ọrịa obi

Ọrịa obi bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọnwụ n'ụwa.[11] Ọrịa obi ischemic na-amalite mgbe stenosis na occlusion nke akwara obi na-etolite, na-eduga na mbelata perfusion nke anụ ahụ obi. Induction nke neovascularization nke ischemic obi anụ ahụ ya mere nwere ike ọgwụgwọ.[12][13]

  • Na atherosclerosis, akwara ọbara ọhụrụ na-apụta n'ime plaques, na-enye aka na uto na ọgba aghara ha.[14] Arịa ndị a na-adịkarị ike, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ na abụba na-afụ ụfụ banye, nke nwere ike ịkpata ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime plaque ma mee ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịgbaji.[15] Nnyocha ụfọdụ na ụdị anụmanụ na-atụ aro na igbochi uto nke arịa a nwere ike belata ọganihu atherosclerotic.[14]
  • Na Myocardial infarction, mgbochi ọbara na-eme ka anụ ahụ obi ghara inwe ikuku oxygen, na-eduga na mmebi mkpụrụ ndụ. Neovascularization na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu nwere ike inye aka weghachite ikuku oxygen ma belata mmerụ ahụ ọzọ.[16] Ihe ndị na-eto eto dị ka isi fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) na brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) nwere ike ịkwalite angiogenesis mgbe MI siri ike gasịrị.[17]
  • Mgbe ọrịa strok gasịrị, ischemic penumbra (ógbè gbara isi nkụchi obi gburugburu) nwere ike ịkpaghasị Ọbara ụbụrụ. Post-stroke angiogenesis na mpaghara ahụ na-enyere aka iweghachi perfusion ma na-akwado mgbake nke akwara. Tụkwasị na nke a, arteriogenesis na-enye aka n'ịgbanwe ọbara na-agafe mgbe ọrịa strok gasịrị. Mkpụrụ ndụ na cytokines dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ n'ịchịkwa angiogenesis mgbe mmerụ ahụ ischemic gasịrị.[18][19][20]

Ọgwụgwọ ọnyá

Vascularization dị oke mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ ọnyá, ebe ọ na-enye oxygen na ihe oriri dị mkpa maka idozi anụ ahụ.[21] Angiogenesis na-eme ka ọbara dịkwuo arọ gburugburu ọnyá ahụ, na-enyere usoro ọgwụgwọ aka.[21]

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) bụ isi ihe na-akwado angiogenic na usoro a, na-akpali ma vasculogenesis na angiogenesis na akpụkpọ ahụ.[21] Nsogbu angiogenesis nwere ike ime ka ọ ghara ịgwọ ọrịa, dịka a na-ahụ ya n'ọnọdụ ndị dị ka Ọrịa shuga, ebe ọnyá na-adịghị ala na-egosipụtakarị mbelata nke VEGF na-arụ ọrụ. A na-enyocha nkwalite ọgwụgwọ nke angiogenesis iji mee ka ọgwụgwọ dị ngwa, ọkachasị na ọnyá na-adịgide adịgide.[22][23][24]

Hụkwa

  • Choroidal neovascularization
  • Ọrịa akwara na-emetụta akwara
  • Revascularization
  • Rubeosis iridis
  • Inosculation
  • Mgbanwe nke akwara n'ime nwa e bu n'afọ
  • Ịṅomi vasculogenic

Edemsibia

  1. ↑ Alitalo (2005-12-14). "Lymphangiogenesis in development and human disease". Nature 438 (7070): 946–953. DOI:10.1038/nature04480. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16355212. 
  2. ↑ Lopes-Coelho (2021-04-05). "Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (7): 3765. DOI:10.3390/ijms22073765. ISSN 1422-0067. PMID 33916438. 
  3. ↑ Samant (2011-03-07). "Recent Advances in Anti-Angiogenic Therapy of Cancer" (in en). Oncotarget 2 (3): 122–134. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.234. ISSN 1949-2553. PMID 21399234. 
  4. ↑ Angiogenesis Inhibitors - NCI (en). www.cancer.gov (2018-05-01). Retrieved on 2025-04-02.
  5. ↑ Saman (2020-05-06). "Inducing Angiogenesis, a Key Step in Cancer Vascularization, and Treatment Approaches". Cancers 12 (5): 1172. DOI:10.3390/cancers12051172. ISSN 2072-6694. PMID 32384792. 
  6. ↑ Ferrara (December 2005). "Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target". Nature 438 (7070): 967–974. DOI:10.1038/nature04483. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16355214. 
  7. ↑ Chiang (October 2013). "Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization". EyeNet Magazine: 35–6. Retrieved on 14 July 2020. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Neely (September 1998). "Ocular Neovascularization: Clarifying Complex Interactions". The American Journal of Pathology 153 (3): 665–670. DOI:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65607-6. PMID 9736014. Retrieved on 14 July 2020. 
  9. ↑ Suh (2000-07-01). "Understanding angiogenesis and its clinical applications". Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 30 (3): 227–238. ISSN 0091-7370. PMID 10945562. 
  10. ↑ Reddy U, Krzystolik M (2006). "Antiangiogenic therapy with interferon alfa for neovascular age-related macular degeneration". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1). DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005138.pub2. PMID 16437522. 
  11. ↑ Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). World Health Organization (17 May 2017). Retrieved on 14 July 2020.
  12. ↑ Lassaletta (November 2011). "Therapeutic neovascularization for coronary disease: current state and future prospects". Basic Research in Cardiology 106 (6): 897–909. DOI:10.1007/s00395-011-0200-1. PMID 21713563. 
  13. ↑ Johnson (7 February 2019). "Approaches to therapeutic angiogenesis for ischemic heart disease". Journal of Molecular Medicine 97 (2): 141–151. DOI:10.1007/s00109-018-1729-3. PMID 30554258. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Camaré (2017-08-01). "Angiogenesis in the atherosclerotic plaque". Redox Biology 12: 18–34. DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.007. ISSN 2213-2317. PMID 28212521. 
  15. ↑ Finn (2010-01-01). "Coronary Plaque Neovascularization and Hemorrhage" (in en). JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 3 (1): 41–44. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.11.001. PMID 20129529. 
  16. ↑ Li (2020-11-27). "Increasing heart vascularisation after myocardial infarction using brain natriuretic peptide stimulation of endothelial and WT1+ epicardial cells". eLife 9. DOI:10.7554/eLife.61050. ISSN 2050-084X. PMID 33245046. 
  17. ↑ Niu (2023-08-04). "Abstract P2133: Preservation & Vascularization Of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix After Acute Myocardial Infarction". Circulation Research 133 (Suppl_1): AP2133. DOI:10.1161/res.133.suppl_1.P2133. 
  18. ↑ Liu (2014-04-01). "Vascular remodeling after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials". Progress in Neurobiology 115: 138–156. DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.004. ISSN 1873-5118. PMID 24291532. 
  19. ↑ Freitas-Andrade (2020-08-07). "Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Brain Vasculature Following Stroke" (in English). Frontiers in Physiology 11. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.00948. ISSN 1664-042X. PMID 32848875. 
  20. ↑ Zhu (2021-04-21). "Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke" (in English). Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 15. DOI:10.3389/fncel.2021.652647. ISSN 1662-5102. PMID 33967696. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Johnson (2014-10-01). "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis in the Regulation of Cutaneous Wound Repair". Advances in Wound Care 3 (10): 647–661. DOI:10.1089/wound.2013.0517. ISSN 2162-1918. PMID 25302139. 
  22. ↑ Huang (2025-01-01). "Angiogenesis during diabetic wound repair: from mechanism to therapy opportunity". Burns & Trauma 13. DOI:10.1093/burnst/tkae052. ISSN 2321-3876. PMID 39927093. 
  23. ↑ Akita (2019-12-15). "Wound Repair and Regeneration: Mechanisms, Signaling" (in en). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (24): 6328. DOI:10.3390/ijms20246328. ISSN 1422-0067. PMID 31847465. 
  24. ↑ Veith (2019-06-01). "Therapeutic strategies for enhancing angiogenesis in wound healing". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 146: 97–125. DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.010. ISSN 1872-8294. PMID 30267742. 

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