Ruc
| Ruc Rục | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Vietnam | |
| Total speakers: | ||
| Language family: | Tustrusyawit Vietic Chut Ruc | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Rục bụ asụsụ ndị Vietic nke ndị Ruc bi na mpaghara Tuyên Hóa, mpaghara Quảng Bình, Vietnam na-asụ. Rục pụtara 'mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru ala', ọ bụkwa asụsụ dị ize ndụ nke obere agbụrụ na-asụ ruo ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20.. [1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
.[1] Ebe obibi Ruc gụnyere Yên 52. na Phú Minh .
RỌmụmụ ụdaolu
N'adịghị ka Vietnamese, Rục na-enye ohere maka pre-syllables nwere obere ụdaume, dị ka cakuː4 'bear' (cf. Vietnamese Gấu). Rục bụ ihe a ma ama maka ichekwa ọtụtụ prefixes ndị furu efu Ndị Vietnamese, gụnyere prefixes (dị ka *k.-) na okwu ndị China ochie nke dị oké mkpa maka iwughachi nke Old Chinese.[2]
Ruc bụ asụsụ nkewapụrụ onwe ya nke na-enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla e ji eme ihe na ngwaa na aha ma ọlị, a na-ahụkwa mgbanwe n'ozuzu ya na ụtọasụsụ nyocha. N'ihe gbasara nhazi asụsụ, Ruc nwere ọtụtụ ụdị njikọta nke furu efu n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Vietnamese, mana nkọwa ha na-emebi nke ukwuu. Mgbanwe nke ụdị Vietic ochie dị ka Ruc site na ụdị Austroasiatic inflectional gaa na nke nyocha ọhụrụ na-eme ugbu a n'enweghị mgbanwe ma na-eme ngwa ngwa, ebe ụfọdụ asụsụ Vietic emechaala usoro ahụ.
N'okpuru mmekọrịta siri ike na ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Vietnamese na Lao, n'ọdịnihu, ụdị ọdịdị ochie nke Ruc nwere ike furu efu ma jiri nke ọhụrụ dochie ya dịka a hụrụ n'ọtụtụ Asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na affixes na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ anaghịzi arụ ọrụ.
E nwere okwu ole na ole a na-ahụ anya na Ruc ma ha na-eji naanị prefixes. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ekwuola na prefix pa- nke Ruc na-akwado ihe akaebe maka echiche asụsụ Austric.[3]
| Ihe omuma | Ihe na-egosi | Ihe Nlereanya[4] | Ọrụ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ihe oriri | pa- | mi31
'ị' Mọnde31 ' (n'ebe) gị nọ' (obj.) |
Ihe na-apụtaghị ìhè |
| Ebe obibi | a- | chu:4pa1
'anyị' a:pa ' (anyị) |
akara na nnọchiaha |
| Aha | ʔa- | ʔaj1
'onye' ʔaʔaj1 'dị ka maka / onye" |
akara na nnọchiaha ajụjụ |
Dị ka asụsụ Vietic ndị ọzọ, Ruc nwere njirimara ndị yiri ya: usoro SVO, usoro okwu, usoro okwu aha, nkọwa isiokwu, ojiji nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, ngwaa enyemaka, akara, ndị na-ekewa, nọmba, na ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe. Otú ọ dị, ụtọ asụsụ Ruc ga-adịtụ iche na Vietnamese n'ọnọdụ nke ngwaa Ruc nke a na-eji affixes na-akpata.
Mgbasawanye
Dị ka asụsụ Vietic ndị ọzọ, reduplication na Ruc nwere ike ịbụ reduplication zuru oke (okwu monomorphemic) ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke akụkụ (nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ polymorphemic). Maka ihe atụ,
lɛɲ1 ('elu") → lɛɲ1 lɤaw4 ('aghụghọ")
kərßeːŋ → kərße:ŋ1 kərßiːt2 ('ịkwụnye")
Mmetụta sitere na ya
kɯcit3 ('ọnwụ") → kacit3 ('egbu")
Ruc nwere ihe omuma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke prefix na ọtụtụ adjectives mana mgbọrọgwụ okwu ha emebiela nke ukwuu, na-ahapụ adjectives disyllabic nwere prefixes unalyzable.[10]
Okwu
N'ihe gbasara okwu ndị bụ isi, Ruc na-ekerịta 52% na Vietnamese, 92% na May, 98% na Sach, na ihe dị ka 33~37% na asụsụ Katuic. Ruc nwekwara okwu mgbazinye ole na ole sitere na Old Chinese, ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'ụdị disyllabic.
Edensibia
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Babaev (2021). in Sidwell: A Grammar of May: An Austroasiatic Language of Vietnam. Brill. ISBN 978-9-00446-108-6. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "BabaevSamarina1" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Baxter (2014). Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-994537-5.
- ↑ Reid (2005). "The current status of Austric: A review and evaluation of the lexical and morphosyntactic evidence", in Sagart: The peopling of East Asia: putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics. London: Routledge Curzon.
- ↑ Enfield (2015). Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia The State of the Art. De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN 9781501501708. OCLC 909907686.
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