Yarkand

Lokasi Yarkand pada peta (merah)

Yarkand adalah kota di Provinsi Sinkiang yang terletak di bagian tenggara Tiongkok.[1] Kota ini uga terletak di Sungai Yarkand dan merupakan pusat perdagangan.[1] Yarkand menjadi bagian dari Tiongkok pada abad ke-2 sebelum masehi.[2] Saat itu Yarkand dikenal sebagai kerajaan Shache.[2] Pada abad ke-1 sebelum masehi Yarkand diambil alih oleh tentara Tiongkok di bawah pimpinan Ban Chao.[2] Selama periode dinasti Tang (618-907) Yarkand mulai muncul sebagai tempat yang penting.[2] Pada akhir abad ke-16 Yarkand diperebutkan oleh faksi dan akhirnya dimasukkan ke dalam kekuasaan Kashgar.[2] Lalu, Yarkand akhirnya kembali berada di bawah kendali Tiongkok pada pertengahan abad ke-18.[2]

Yarkand merupakan kota oasis yang airnya berasal dari Sungai Yarkand.[2] Oasis tersebut mencapai 1.240 mil persegi (3.210 km persegi) dan sangat subur.[2] Di daerah oasis ini dapat dihasilkan berbagai tanaman biji-bijian, kapas, rami, kacang-kacangan, buah dan daun murbei untuk industri sutra lokal.[2] Masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah oasis pun beragam, terdiri dari Tiongkok (Han), Uighur, Iran dan beberapa Asia Selatan.[2]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve; Hassan Shadily. Ensiklopedia Indonesia, Jilid 7 (edisi khusus). Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Yarkand". Diakses tanggal 19 Juni 2014. 

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