Seleksi seksual

Cenderawasih: jantan di atas, betina di bawah.

Seleksi seksual adalah konsep yang diperkenalkan oleh Charles Darwin dalam bukunya On the Origin of Species pada tahun 1859, dan merupakan salah satu unsur penting dalam teori seleksi alamnya. Seleksi seksual:

... tidak bergantung kepada persaingan untuk bertahan hidup, namun persaingan memperoleh betina di antara jantan; akibatnya bukan kematian bagi kompetitor yang tidak berhasil, tetapi sedikit atau tak ada keturunan.[1]

... saat jantan dan betina punya kebiasaan yang sama ... namun memiliki struktur, warna, atau ornamen yang berbeda, perbedaan tersebut terutama diakibatkan oleh seleksi seksual.[2]

Contoh yang ia cantumkan adalah sayap merak, cenderawasih, tanduk rusa, dan bulu singa.

Darwin memperluas konsep seleksi alamnya dalam bukunya pada tahun 1871 yang berjudul The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex.[3] Secara singkat, seleksi alam diakibatkan oleh persaingan untuk bertahan hidup, tetapi seleksi seksual muncul karena persaingan untuk bereproduksi.

Persaingan seksual ada dua macam: yang satu antara individu berjenis kelamin sama, biasanya jantan, untuk mengusir atau membunuh saingan mereka, dan betina tetap pasif; sementara yang lain adalah persaingan yang juga antara individu berjenis kelamin sama untuk menyenangkan atau mempesona lawan jenis, biasanya betina, yang tidak lagi pasif, tetapi menyeleksi pasangan yang cocok.[4]

Alfred Russel Wallace mengkritik teori seleksi seksual Darwin dan menyatakan bahwa aspek dari seleksi seksual hanyalah merupakan salah satu bentuk seleksi alam, dan bahwa contoh sayap merak sebenarnya bersifat adaptif.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species (1st edition). Chapter 4, page 88. "And this leads me to say a few words on what I call Sexual Selection. This depends ..." http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=F373&pageseq=12
  2. ^ Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species (1st edition). Chapter 4, page 89. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=F373&pageseq=12
  3. ^ Miller, Geoffrey (2000). The Mating Mind. Anchor Books, a division of Random House, Inc. (First Anchor Books Edition, April 2001). New York, NY. Anchor ISBN 0-385-49517-X
  4. ^ Darwin, C. (1871) The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex John Murray, London

Bacaan lanjut

  • Judson, Olivia (2003) Dr.Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation: Definitive Guide to the Evolutionary Biology of Sex. ISBN 978-0-09-928375-1
  • Jolly, Allison (2001) Lucy's Legacy - Sex and Intelligence in Human Evolution. ISBN 978-0-674-00540-2
  • Diamond, Jared (1997) Why is Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality. ISBN 978-0-465-03126-9

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Sexual selection.
Lihat entri sexual selection di kamus bebas Wiktionary.

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