Planet minor

Artikel ini bukan mengenai planet katai atau planet kerdil.

Planet minor adalah sebuah objek astronomi yang berada dalam orbit langsung mengelilingi Matahari yang bukan merupakan planet atau komet. Planet minor pertama yang ditemukan adalah Ceres pada 1801. Sejak itu, lebih dari 200.000 planet minor ditemukan, kebanyakan berada dalam sabuk asteroid.

Istilah "planet minor" telah digunakan sejak abad ke-19 untuk mengklasifikasikan objek-objek tersebut.[1] Istilah planetoid juga digunakan, khususnya untuk objek-objek yang besar.[2] Secara tradisi, istilah asteroid, planet minor, dan planetoid kurang lebih sama,[2][3] namun kemudian pengelompokannya menjadi rumit setelah penemuan sejumlah planet minor di belakang orbit Jupiter dan khususnya Neptunus yang tidak dipertimbangkan sebagai asteroid.[3]

Sebelum 2006, Persatuan Astronomi Internasional secara resmi menggunakan istilah planet minor, tetapi pada pertemuan tahun 2006 diklasifikasi ulang menjadi planet katai dan Benda Kecil Tata Surya.[4] Objek disebut sebagai planet katai jika gravitasi mereka mencukupi sehingga mencapai kesetimbangan hidrostatik, yaitu, jika bentuknya elipsoid, dengan planet minor lainnya dan komet disebut "benda kecil tata surya".[4] The IAU states: "the term 'minor planet' may still be used, but generally the term 'small solar system body' will be preferred."[5] Namun, untuk kepentingan penomoran dan penamaan, pembedaan tradisional antara planet minor dan komet masih dipertahankan.

Bulan Saturnus, Mimas adalah benda terkecil yang diketahui berada dalam kesetimbangan hidrostatik (walaupun tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai planet katai karena orbitnya yang tidak secara langsung mengitari Matahari), sementara asteroid Pallas mungkin adalah benda terbesar yang tidak mencapai kesetimbangan hidrostatis. Hingga saat ini IAU secara resmi mengelompokkan 5 objek sebagai planet katai. Diurutkan berdasarkan penemuan dan jarak dari Matahari, mereka adalah Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, dan Eris.

Referensi

  1. ^ When did the asteroids become minor planets? Diarsipkan 2007-09-21 di Wayback Machine., James L. Hilton, Astronomical Information Center, United States Naval Observatory. Accessed on line 5 Mei, 2008.
  2. ^ a b Planet, asteroid, minor planet: A case study in astronomical nomenclature, David W. Hughes, Brian G. Marsden, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 10, #1 (2007), pp. 21–30. Bibcode: 2007JAHH...10...21H
  3. ^ a b "Asteroid Diarsipkan 2009-10-28 di Wayback Machine.", MSN Encarta, Microsoft. Accessed on line 5 Mei, 2008.
  4. ^ a b Press release, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, International Astronomical Union, 24 Agustus, 2006. Accessed on line 5 Mei, 2008.
  5. ^ Questions and Answers on Planets Diarsipkan 2011-08-08 di Wayback Machine., additional information, news release IAU0603, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, International Astronomical Union, 24 Agustus, 2006. Accessed on line 8 Mei, 2008.

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