Penggorengan (masakan)

Menggoreng dengan banyak minyak, untuk hasil yang lebih cepat matang
Menggoreng tahu

Penggorengan adalah alat memasak makanan dengan menggunakan minyak. Nama lainnya adalah wajan, kuali dlsb.

Menggoreng adalah cara memasak makanan dengan menggunakan minyak, atau lemak (margarin, shortening, mentega) sebagai medium penghantar panas. Lemak sama dengan minyak, dan hanya berbeda wujud karena perbedaan titik lebur. Tempe, tahu, makanan laut, daging ayam, dan kerupuk adalah beberapa jenis makanan yang antara lain dimatangkan dengan cara digoreng.

Orang Mesir kuno sudah memasak makanan dengan cara menggoreng sekitar 2500 SM.[1] Sewaktu menggoreng, makanan menjadi matang sekaligus gula yang dikandung makanan mengalami karamelisasi. Bila diteruskan, makanan akan mengalami karbonisasi (gosong).

Ada beberapa jenis teknik menggoreng yang berbeda dalam bentuk wajan (penggorengan) dan jumlah lemak atau minyak yang dipakai. Menumis bumbu atau sayuran hanya memerlukan lemak atau minyak dalam jumlah sedikit. Kedalaman wajan untuk menggoreng berbeda-beda menurut jumlah minyak dan jenis makanan yang dimasak. Wajan berpermukaan datar biasanya dipakai untuk menumis atau menggoreng telur.

Etimologi

Kata goreng diduga berasal dari kata "garang" atau "menggarang" yang awalnya adalah suatu praktik memanggang dan membakar bahan makanan di atas bara api. Sejak lama, masyarakat Indonesia memasak makanan dengan cara direbus, dikukus, dipepes dan dibakar. Kegiatan menggoreng di Indonesia baru dipraktikan setelah penduduk dari Tiongkok membawa minyak sayur ke Indonesia.

Referensi

  1. ^ Tannahill, Reay. Food in History. Three Rivers Press, 1995. hlm. 75


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