Panduan lapangan

Sebuah gambar spesies dari The Crossley ID Guide: Eastern Birds

Panduan lapangan adalah sebuah buku yang dirancang untuk membantu pembacanya mengidentifikasikan kehidupan liar (tumbuhan atau hewan) atau objek lainnya dari alam (misalnya mineral).

Sejarah

Panduan lapangan untuk tumbuhan pertama di Amerika Serikat adalah How to Know the Wildflowers pada 1893 karya "Mrs. William Starr Dana" (Frances Theodora Parsons). Pada 1890, Florence Merriam menerbitkan Birds Through an Opera-Glass, yang mendeksirpsikan 70 spesies umum. Berfokus pada burung-burung hidup yang diobservasi di lapangan, buku tersebut dianggap merupakan panduan lapangan pertama dalam tradisi modern yang berisi panduan burung berilusrasi.[1]

Penerbit-penerbit spesialis seperti Croom Helm, bersama dengan organisasi-organisasi seperti Audubon Society, RSPB, Field Studies Council, National Geographic, HarperCollins, dan beberapa penerbit lainnya menerbitkan panduan lapangan yang berkualitas.

Referensi

  1. ^ Barrow, Mark V. (1998). A Passion for Birds: American Ornithology after Audubon. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. hlm. 156–157. ISBN 9780691044026. 

Pranala luar

Read other articles:

Friern Barnet Urban District

Friern Barnet Urban DistrictFriern Barnet Town HallFriern Barnet within Middlesex in 1961Area • 18551,292 acres (5.228km²) • 18741,303 acres (5.273km²) • 18991,304 acres (5.277km²) • 19141,304 acres (5.277km²) Area transferred • 1 April 193459 acres: from Finchley UD (29)Hornsey UD (4)Southgate UD (11)Wood Green UD (15) • 1 April 193423 acres: to Finchley UD (18)Hornsey UD (1)Southgate UD (4) Population •...

 

Супер Рино

Супер Риноангл. Super Rhino Жанры Короткометражная комедия,фэнтези Режиссёр Натан Грено На основе Вольт Автор сценария Натан Грено Роли озвучивали Марк УолтонМалкольм МакдауэллМайли СайрусСьюзи Эссман Композитор Джон Пауэлл Страна США Язык английский Производство Прод...

 

Westport, County Mayo

Town in County Mayo, Ireland Town in Connacht, IrelandWestport Cathair na Mart (Irish)TownMall along Carrowbeg River in Westport Coat of armsWestportLocation in IrelandShow map of IrelandWestportWestport (Europe)Show map of EuropeCoordinates: 53°48′00″N 9°32′00″W / 53.8°N 9.5333°W / 53.8; -9.5333CountryIrelandProvinceConnachtCounty County MayoElevation80 m (260 ft)Population (2022)[1] • Urban6,872Time zoneUTC±0 (WET)...

كأس العالم للأندية 2018

كأس العالم للأندية 2018كأس العالم للأندية الإمارات العربية المتحدة 2018 برعاية علي بابا كلاودتفاصيل المسابقةالبلد المضيف الإمارات العربية المتحدةالتواريخ12–22 ديسمبر 2018الفرق7 (من 6 اتحاد كونفدرالي)الأماكن2 (في مدينتين مضيفتين)المراكز النهائيةالبطل ريال مدريد (رابع ل�...

 

Suramin

Medical drug SuraminClinical dataTrade namesAntrypol, 309 Fourneau, Bayer 205, othersAHFS/Drugs.comDrugs.com archiveRoutes ofadministrationby injection onlyATC codeP01CX02 (WHO) QP51AE02 (WHO)Identifiers IUPAC name 8,8'-{Carbonylbis[imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylimino(4-methyl-3,1-phenylene)carbonylimino]}di(1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid) CAS Number145-63-1 YPubChem CID5361IUPHAR/BPS1728DrugBankDB04786 NChemSpider5168 YUNII6032D45BEMKEGGC07974 NChEBICHEBI:4...

 

ألبيون

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ألبيون (توضيح). ألبيون   الإحداثيات 42°06′42″N 92°59′27″W / 42.111666666667°N 92.990833333333°W / 42.111666666667; -92.990833333333   [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة مارشال  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 1.541417 كيلومتر مربع1.5414...

Arrows Grand Prix International

ArrowsNama resmiArrows Grand Prix InternationalKantor pusatMilton Keynes, UK, later Leafield, UKPendiriFranco AmbrosioAlan ReesJackie OliverDave WassTony SouthgateStaf terkenalTom WalkinshawPembalap terkenalRiccardo PatreseDerek WarwickEddie CheeverThierry BoutsenDamon HillSejarah dalam ajang Formula SatuGelar Konstruktor0Gelar Pembalap0Jumlah lomba368Menang0Podium9Poin164Posisi pole1Putaran tercepat0Lomba pertamaGrand Prix Brasil 1978Lomba terakhirGrand Prix Jerman 2002 Arrows Grand Prix mer...

 

2009 au Canada

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chronologie ou une date et le Canada. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. 2006 au Nouveau-Brunswick - 2007 au Nouveau-Brunswick - 2008 au Nouveau-Brunswick - 2009 au Nouveau-Brunswick - 2010 au Nouveau-Brunswick 2006 au Québec - 2007 au Québec - 2008 au Québec - 2009 au Québec - 2010 au Québec 2006 par pays en Amérique - 2007 par pays en Amérique - 2...

 

British Sugar

British food company British Sugar plcFormerlyBritish Sugar Corporation Limited (1936–1982)[1]Company typeSubsidiaryIndustrySugar beet processingPredecessorAnglo-Scottish Beet Sugar Corporation Founded1936HeadquartersPeterborough, England, United KingdomNumber of locations5Area servedUnited KingdomKey peopleKeith Packer (managing director)ProductsSugarBioethanolAnimal feedTopsoilSoil conditionersRevenue £714.1 million (2021)[2]Operating income £59.8 million (2021)[...

Shindengen Electric Manufacturing

Japanese company The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: Shindengen Electric Manufacturing – news · newspape...

 

Michel VI Bringas

Vous lisez un « bon article » labellisé en 2021. Michel VI Bringas Empereur byzantin Règne 31 août 1056 - 30 août 1057 11 mois et 30 jours Précédé par Théodora Porphyrogénète Suivi de Isaac Ier Comnène Biographie Naissance Inconnue Décès vers 1059 Descendance Aucun modifier  Michel VI Bringas (parfois surnommé le Stratiotique ou Stratiotikos — signifiant le belliqueux, allusion possible à son titre de logothète des armées) (grec : Μιχα�...

 

Federal Assault Weapons Ban

United States federal law This article is about the U.S. Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 that expired in 2004. For other assault weapons bans in the U.S., see Assault weapons legislation in the United States. President Bill Clinton signing the bill into law Firearm legal topics of theUnited States Amendment II Assault weapon Assault weapons legislation Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Bump stocks Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act Campu...

Yemenite War of 1979

Short military conflict between North and South Yemen This article is about the Second Yemenite War. For other civil wars in Yemen, see Yemeni War. Second Yemenite WarPart of the Cold War and the Arab Cold WarNorth & South YemenDate24 February – 19 March 1979(3 weeks and 2 days)LocationNorth Yemen-South Yemen borderResult Decisive Southern Yemeni victory Kuwait Agreement of 1979 No territorial changes Two Yemens re-pledge ambition to unifyBelligerents  North YemenSupporte...

 

一中同表

一中同表，是台灣处理海峡两岸关系问题的一种主張，認為中华人民共和国與中華民國皆是“整個中國”的一部份，二者因為兩岸現狀，在各自领域有完整的管辖权，互不隶属，同时主張，二者合作便可以搁置对“整个中國”的主权的争议，共同承認雙方皆是中國的一部份，在此基礎上走向終極統一。最早是在2004年由台灣大學政治学教授張亞中所提出，希望兩岸由一中各表�...

 

Giurisprudenza

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento diritto è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. La giurisprudenza (termine derivante dal latin...

It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown

1976 animated television special It's Arbor Day, Charlie BrownGenreAnimated television specialCreated byCharles M. SchulzDirected byPhil RomanVoices ofDylan BeachGail DavisSarah BeachStuart BrotmanGreg FeltonLiam MartinMichelle MullerVinnie DowBill MelendezTheme music composerVince GuaraldiOpening themeRerun's LamentEnding themeLucy's Home RunComposerVince GuaraldiCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionExecutive producerLee MendelsonProducerBill MelendezEditorsChuck M...

 

Bottini di Siena

Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti Toscana e ingegneria non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. I bottini di Siena sono le gallerie sotterranee costruite nel XIII-XV secolo per l'approvvigionamento idrico. Indice 1 Descrizione 2 Storia 3 Devozione 4 Leggende 4.1 Omiccioli e fuggisoli 4.2 I...

 

Baron Grantchester

Title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Baron Grantchester, of Knightsbridge in the City of Westminster, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[1] It was created on 30 June 1953 for the banker and Liberal politician Alfred Suenson-Taylor. As of 2019[update], the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1995. In 2003, he replaced the deceased Lord Milner of Leeds as one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that are allowed to re...

Dick Atha

Questa voce sull'argomento cestisti statunitensi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Dick AthaNazionalità Stati Uniti Altezza188 cm Peso86 kg Pallacanestro RuoloPlaymaker Termine carriera1958 CarrieraGiovanili Otterbein High School1949-1953 Ind. St. Sycamores Squadre di club 1955-1956 N.Y. Knicks251957-1958 Detroit Pistons18 Nazionale 1951 Stati Uniti6 Palmarès  G...

 

Be'er Ya'akov railway station

Railway station in Israel This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Be'er Ya'akov railway station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Be'er Ya'akovבאר יעקבIsrael RailwaysGeneral informationLocationSimcha Holzberg St., Be'er Ya'...