Nama-nama Jepang

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang nama negara Jepang. Untuk nama orang Jepang, lihat Nama Jepang.

Kata Jepang adalah sebuah eksonim, dan digunakan (dalam satu bentuk atau yang lain) oleh sejumlah besar bahasa. Nama-nama Jepang untuk Jepang adalah Nippon (にっぽん dengarⓘ) dan Nihon (にほん dengarⓘ). Keduanya ditulis dalam bahasa Jepang menggunakan kanji 日本.

Sejarah

Informasi lebih lanjut: Wa (Jepang)
Cipangu (disebut sebagai ixola de cimpagu di kiri-tengah) pada peta Fra Mauro tahun 1453, penggambaran Barat pertama yang diketahui tentang pulau ini.

Baik Nippon dan Nihon secara harfiah berarti "asal-usul matahari", yakni di mana matahari berasal,[1] dan sering diterjemahkan sebagai Negeri Matahari Terbit. Nomenklatur ini berasal dari korespondensi Kekaisaran dengan Dinasti Sui Tiongkok dan mengacu pada posisi Jepang yang relatif di timur Tiongkok. Sebelum Nihon muncul dalam penggunaan resmi, Jepang dikenal sebagai Wa (倭) atau Wakoku (倭国).[2] Wa adalah sebuah nama yang digunakan Tiongkok dahulu kala untuk menyebut kelompok etnis yang hidup di Jepang pada sekitar masa Zaman Tiga Negara.

Meskipun asal-usul etimologis "Wa" masih tidak pasti, naskah-naskah sejarah Tiongkok mencatat orang-orang kuno yang tinggal di kepulauan Jepang (mungkin Kyūshū), diberi nama sesuatu seperti *ˀWâ or *ˀWər 倭. Proposal umum survei Carr (1992: 9-10) untuk etimologi Wa berkisar mulai dari yang pantas (mentranskripsi kata ganti orang pertama bahasa Jepang waga 我が "milik saya; kami/kita" and ware 我 "Saya; diri sendiri; engkau"), hingga mempermalukan (bahasa Jepang tertulis Wa sebagai 倭 berarti "katai"), dan merangkum interpretasi untuk "bahasa Jepang" *ˀWâ dalam variasi pada dua etimologi: "berperilaku 'patuh/penurut' atau 'pendek' secara fisik." Penjelasan "patuh/penurut" pertama dimulai pada kamus Shuowen Jiezi (121 M). Kamus ini mendefinisikan 倭 sebagai shùnmào 順皃 "paras patuh/penurut/taat", secara grafis menjelaskan radikal "orang, manusia" 亻 dengan fonetis "bungkuk" wěi 委, dan mengutip puisi Shijing yang lebih awal. "Dapat dibayangkan, ketika orang Tiongkok pertama kali bertemu orang Jepang," Carr (1992:9) menyatakan "mereka mentranskripsikan Wa sebagai *ˀWâ 'membungkuk kembali' menandakan 'kepatuhan' membungkuk/menghormati. Membungkuk tercatat dalam referensi historis awal untuk Jepang."

Catatan

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). "Nihon" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 707., hlm. 707, pada Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Diarsipkan 2012-05-24 di Archive.is.
  2. ^ Joan, R. Piggott (1997). The emergence of Japanese kingship. Stanford University Press. hlm. 143–144. ISBN 0-8047-2832-1. 

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