Maat

Bagian dari seri
Agama Mesir Kuno
Eye of Horus
Kepercayaan
Praktik
Dewa-Dewi
Teks
Agama-agama terkait
Maat adalah seorang dewi dan juga personifikasi kebenaran dan keadilan. Sayap burung untanya melambangkan kebenaran.

Maat atau ma'at (pelafalan [muʔ.ʕat]),[1] juga dieja māt atau mayet, adalah konsep kebenaran, keseimbangan, ketertiban, hukum, moraltas, dan keadilan di Mesir Kuno. Maat juga dipersonifikasi sebagai seorang dewi yang mengatur bintang, musim, serta tindakan para makhluk dan dewa, dan yang menyusun tatanan alam semesta dari kekacauan pada saat penciptaan. Rekan ideologisnya adalah Isfet.

Catatan pertama yang menyebut Maat ditemukan berasal dari masa Kerajaan Lama, walaupun beberapa ahli meyakini catatan ini didasarkan pada tradisi lisan yang lebih lama.[2] Nantinya, ia dipasangkan dengan Thoth dengan atribut yang sama. Setelah munculnya Ra mereka digambarkan bersama dalam tongkang surya.

Setelah berperan dalam penciptaan dan juga mencegah munculnya kembali kekacauan di alam semesta, peran utamanya adalah menimbang kebaikan dan kejahatan roh di dunia bawah Duat untuk menentukan siapa yang akan masuk surga.[3]

Para firaun sering kali digambarkan dengan lambang Maat untuk menekankan peran mereka dalam menegakkan hukum sang pencipta.[4]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Collier and Manley hal. 2–4, 154
  2. ^ Egyptian Religion Siegfried Morenz, Ann E. Keep, p. 273, Cornell University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-8014-8029-9; some scholars believe that this kind Ancient Egyptian literature is based on older oral traditions, e.g The Experience of Ancient Egypt, Ann Rosalie David, p. 43, Routledge, 2000; A History of Ancient Egypt, Nicolás Grimal, p. 126, Wiley-Blackwell, 1994.
  3. ^ Budge. The Gods of the Egyptians Vol. 1 p. 418.
  4. ^ Egyptian Myths, George Hart, p. 46, University of Texas Press, 1990, ISBN 0-292-72076-9.

Referensi

  • Black, James Roger. "The Instruction of Amenemope: A Critical Edition and Commentary--Prolegomenon and Prologue", Dissertation University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2002 [1][pranala nonaktif permanen]
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Egyptian Book of the Dead: (The Papyrus of Ani) Egyptian Text Transliteration and Translation. New York: Dover Publications, 1967. Originally published in 1895.
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Gods of the Egyptians: Studies in Egyptian Mythology — Volume 1. New York: Dover Publications, 1969. Originally published in 1904.
  • Collier, Mark and Manly, Bill. How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Revised Edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
  • Faulkner, Raymond. The Egyptian Book of the Dead. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. ISBN 0-8118-6489-3
  • Mancini, Anna. Maat Revealed: Philosophy of Justice in Ancient Egypt. New York: Buenos Books America, 2004.
  • Strudwick, Helen. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Singapore: De Agostini UK, 2006.
  • Journey through the afterlife, Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead edited by John H. Taylor ( the British Museum Press 2010. London ISBN 0-7141-1989-2 )
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