Kraton

Artikel ini bukan mengenai keraton.
Peta provinsi geologi dunia

Kraton (bahasa Yunani: κράτος kratos "kekuatan") merupakan bagian yang tua dan stabil dari litosfer benua. Karena kemampuannya bertahan dalam siklus memisah dan menggabungnya benua, kraton umumnya ditemukan dalam interior lempeng tektonik. Kraton secara karakteristik terdiri dari kristal batuan dasar purba, yang mungkin terlindungi oleh batuan sedimen yang lebih muda. Kraton memiliki kerak tebal dan akar litosferik yang dalam yang memanjang sejauh beberapa ratus kilometer didalam mantel Bumi.

Istilah kraton digunakan untuk membedakan bagian stabil dari kerak benua dari daerah yang lebih aktif secara geologi dan tidak stabil. Kraton dapat digambarkan sebagai perisai, di mana batuan dasar muncul di permukaan, di mana bagian bawah tanah yang dilapisi oleh sedimen dan batuan sedimen.

Kata kraton pertama kali diusulkan oleh ahli geologi Jerman L. Kober pada tahun 1921 sebagai Kratogen, mengacu pada platform benua stabil, dan orogen sebagai istilah untuk gunung atau sabuk orogenik. Kemudian penulis memperpendek istilah tersebut menjadi kraton.

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