Kardinal Sekretaris Negara

Kardinal Sekretaris Negara - resminya Sekretaris Negara Yang Tersucikan Sri Paus - memimpin Takhta Suci, biasanya dikenal dengan nama "Vatikan", Sekretariat Negara Takhta Suci, yang merupakan badan tertua dan paling penting dari Kuria Romawi.[1] Kardinal Sekretaris Negara dianggap sebagai pihak yang bertanggung-jawab atas kegiatan politik dan diplomatik Takhta Suci, dan oleh karenanya dianggap sebagai Perdana Menteri Takhta Suci.

Kardinal Sekretaris Negara saat ini adalah Pietro Parolin dari Italia, yang telah memegang jabatan ini semenjak tanggal 15 Oktober 2013.

Tugas

Kardinal Sekretaris Negara diangkat langsung oleh Sri Paus, dan bekerja sebagai salah satu penasehat utamanya. Sebagai salah satu jabatan senior di Gereja Katolik Roma, jabatan ini haruslah dipegang oleh seorang Kardinal. Apabila jabatan ini kosong, seseorang yang belum menjadi Kardinal bisa mengisinya sebagai Pro-Sekretaris Negara, menggunakan kekuasaan Sekretaris Negara hingga penggantinya yang layak telah ditemukan atau sang Pro-Sekretaris diangkat menjadi seorang Kardinal di dalam konsistori berikutnya.

Masa jabatan Kardinal Sekretaris Negara berakhir ketika Sri Paus yang mengangkatnya meninggal dunia atau meletakkan jabatan. Selama masa sede vacante, mantan Sekretaris ini bertindak sebagai anggota sebuah komisi bersama Camerlengo Gereja Romawi Suci dan mantan Presiden Dewan Kepausan untuk Negara Kota Vatikan, yang melaksanakan beberapa fungsi kepala negara Vatikan hingga Sri Paus baru terpilih. Setelah Sri Paus baru terpilih, peran mantan Sekretaris di dalam komisi juga berakhir, walaupun ia dapat (dan biasanya) diangkat kembali sebagai Sekretaris Negara.

Sekretaris Negara antara tahun 1551 dan 1644

  • Girolamo Dandini (1551–1555)
  • Carlo Borromeo (1560–1565)
  • Tolomeo Gallio (1565–1566)
  • Girolamo Rusticucci (1566–1572)
  • Tolomeo Gallio (terpilih kembali) (1572–1585)
  • Decio Azzolini (senior) (1585–1587)
  • Alessandro Peretti de Montalto (Kardinal Keponakan) (1587–1590)
  • Paolo Emilio Sfondrati (Kardinal Keponakan) (1591)
  • Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce (Kardinal Keponakan) (1591)
  • Pierbenedetto Peretti (1592–1593)
  • Pietro Aldobrandini (Kardinal Keponakan) (1593–1605)
  • Erminio Valenti (1605)
  • Lanfranco Margotti (1605–1611)
  • Porifrio Feliciani (1611–1621)
  • Giovanni Battista Agucchi (1621–1623)
  • Lorenzo Magalotti (1623–1628)
  • Lorenzo Azzolini (1628–1632)
  • Pietro Benessa (1632–1634)
  • Francesco Ceva (1634–1643)
  • Giovanni Battista Spada (1643–1644)

Kardinal Sekretaris Negara sejak tahun 1644

  1. Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli (1644–1651)
  2. Fabio Chigi (1651–1655); kemudian terpilih menjadi Paus Aleksander VII (1655–1667)
  3. Giulio Rospigliosi (1655–1667); kemudian terpilih menjadi Paus Klemens IX (1667–1669)
  4. Decio Azzolini yang muda (1667–1669)
  5. Federico Borromeo junior (1670–1673)
  6. Francesco Nerli (1673–1676)
  7. Alderano Cybo (1676–1689)
  8. Giambattista Rubini (1689–1691)
  9. Fabrizio Spada (1691–1700)
  10. Fabrizio Paolucci (1700–1721) (masa jabatan pertama)
  11. Giorgio Spinola (1721–1724)
  12. Fabrizio Paolucci (1724–1726) (masa jabatan kedua)
  13. Niccolò Maria Lercari (1726–1730)
  14. Antonio Banchieri (1730–1733)
  15. Giuseppe Firrao senior (1733–1740)
  16. Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (1740–1756)
  17. Alberico Archinto (1756–1758)
  18. Ludovico Maria Torriggiani (1758–1769)
  19. Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicini (1769–1785)
  20. Ignazio Boncompagni Ludovisi (1785–1789)
  21. Francesco Saverio de Zelada (1789–1796)
  22. Ignazio Busca (1796–1797)
  23. Giuseppe Doria Pamphili (1797–1799)
  24. Ercole Consalvi, pro-sekretaris (1800); sekretaris (1800–1806)
  25. Filippo Casoni (1806–1808)
  26. Giulio Gabrielli yang muda (1808–1814) -Giuseppe Doria Pamphilj, pro-sekretaris (1808) -Bartolomeo Pacca, pro-sekretaris (1808–1814)
  27. Ercole Consalvi (1814–1823)
  28. Giulio Maria della Somaglia (1823–1828)
  29. Tommaso Bernetti, pro-sekretaris (1828–1829) (masa jabatan pertama)
  30. Giuseppe Albani (1829–1830)
  31. Tommaso Bernetti, pro-sekretaris (1831); Kardinal Secretaris (1831–1836) (masa jabatan kedua)
  32. Luigi Lambruschini (1836–1846)
  33. Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi (1846–1847)
  34. Gabriele Ferretti (1847–1848)
  35. Giuseppe Bofondi (1848–1848)
  36. Giacomo Antonelli (1848–1848)(masa jabatan pertama)
  37. Anton Orioli]] (1848–1848), Kardinal Sekretaris ad interim
  38. Giovanni Soglia Ceroni (1848–1848)
  39. Giacomo Antonelli (1848–1876) (masa jabatan kedua)
  40. Giovanni Simeoni (1876–1878)
  41. Alessandro Franchi (1878–1878)
  42. Lorenzo Nina (1878–1880)
  43. Luigi Jacobini (1880–1887)
  44. Mariano Rampolla (1887–1903)
  45. Rafael Merry del Val (1903–1914)
  46. Domenico Ferrata (Sept–Oct 1914)
  47. Pietro Gasparri (1914–1930)
  48. Eugenio Pacelli (1930–1939) kemudian terpilih sebagai Paus Pius XII
  49. Luigi Maglione (1939–1944)
  50. Domenico Tardini (1958–1961)[2]
  51. Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (1961–1969)
  52. Jean-Marie Villot (1969–1979)
  53. Agostino Casaroli (1979–1990)
  54. Angelo Sodano (1991–2006)
  55. Tarcisio Bertone (15 September 2006 s.d. 15 Oktober 2013)
  56. Pietro Parolin (sejak 15 Oktober 2013)

Lihat Juga

Referensi

  1. ^ "Profile: The Secretariat of State". The Holy See. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-18. 
  2. ^ Pope Pius XII, having been the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI, did not name a Secretary after the death of Cardinal Maglione in 1944. Beneath his direct supervision, the duties were divided between two protonotaries apostolic, Domenico Tardini and Giovanni Battista Montini, who in 1952 were both named Pro-Secretary of State, for Extraordinary and Ordinary affairs respectively. In 1954 Montini (the future Pope Paul VI) left the Roman Curia to become Archbishop of Milan, but only under Pope John XXIII was Tardini named a Cardinal and full Secretary.

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