Kapal perang era Helenistik

Dari abad ke-4 SM, jenis baru dari kapal perang muncul di Laut Tengah, menggantikan trireme dan mentransformasi perang angkatan laut. Kapal menjadi makin besar dan berat, termasuk beberapa kapal kayu terbesar yang dibangun. Pembangunannya menjalar ke Timur Dekat Helenistik, selain juga sebagian besar berbagi dengan kekuatan-kekuatan laut dari Maditerania Barat, terutama Kartago dan Republik Roma.

Referensi

Lucien Basch (1989) "Le 'navire invaincu à neuf rangées de rameurs' de Pausanias (I, 29.1) et le 'Monument des Taureaux', à Delos Diarsipkan 2015-06-13 di Wayback Machine.", in TROPIS III, ed. H. Tzalas, Athens.
Casson, Lionel (1991). The Ancient Mariners (edisi ke-2nd). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01477-9.
Casson, Lionel (1994). "The Age of the Supergalleys". Ships and Seafaring in Ancient Times (PDF). University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-71162-X. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-10-13
Coates, John F. (2004). "The Naval Architecture and Oar Systems of Ancient Galleys". Dalam Gardiner, Robert. Age of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels since pre-Classical Times. Conway Maritime Press. hlm. 127–141. ISBN 978-0-85177-955-3
Foley, Vernon; Soedel, Werner (April 1981). "Ancient oared warships". Scientific American. 244 (4): 116–129.
Goldsworthy, Adrian (2000). The Fall of Carthage: The Punic Wars 265–146 BC. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36642-0.
Meijer, Fik (1986). A History of Seafaring in the Classical World. Croom and Helm. ISBN 0-312-00075-8.
J. S. Morrison and R. T. Williams, Greek Oared Ships: 900–322 BC, Cambridge University Press, 1968.
Morrison, John S.; Coates, John F. (1996). Greek and Roman Oared Warships. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 1-900188-07-4.
Murray, William (2012). The Age of Titans, the Rise and Fall of the Great Hellenistic Navies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-538864-0.
de Souza, Philip (2008). "Naval Forces". Dalam Sabin, Philip; van Wees, Hans; Whitby, Michael. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare, Volume 1: Greece, the Hellenistic world and the rise of Rome. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 357–367. ISBN 978-0-521-85779-6
Polybius History

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