Hewan hasil rekayasa genetika

Beberapa kimera transgenik, tikus misalnya, dibuat melalui teknik modifikasi genetik seperti penargetan gen.

Hewal hasil rekayasa genetika adalah hewan yang telah dimodifikasi secara genetik untuk berbagai tujuan termasuk memproduksi obat, meningkatkan hasil, memperkuat daya tahan terhadap penyakit, dan sebagainya. Sebagian besar hewan yang dimodifikasi secara genetik masih dalam tahap penelitian, hanya sedikit sekali yang sudah beredar di pasaran.[1]

Manusia telah menernakkan hewan sejak sekitar 12.000 SM, dengn cara pemuliaan selektif atau seleksi buatan (berbeda dengan seleksi alam). Prosesnya, organisme dengan ciri-ciri yang diinginkan (atau gen yang diinginkan) digunakan untuk membiakkan generasi berikutnya dan organisme yang tidak memiliki ciri-ciri yang diinginkan tidak dibiakkan, proses seperti ini merupakan pelopor konsep modifikasi genetika modern[2]:1 Berbagai kemajuan dalam genetika memungkinkan manusia dapat secara langsung mengubah DNA, sama halnya dengan mengubah gen organisme. Pada tahun 1972 Paul Berg menciptakan molekul DNA rekombinan pertama, ketika ia menggabungkan DNA dari fag kera dengan molekul fag lambda.[3][4]

Referensi

  1. ^ Forabosco F, Löhmus M, Rydhmer L, Sundström LF (May 2013). "Genetically modified farm animals and fish in agriculture: A review". Livestock Science. 153 (1–3): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.01.002. 
  2. ^ Clive Root (2007). Domestication. Greenwood Publishing Groups. 
  3. ^ Jackson DA, Symons RH, Berg P (October 1972). "Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (10): 2904–9. Bibcode:1972PNAS...69.2904J. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.10.2904. PMC 389671 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 4342968. 
  4. ^ M. K. Sateesh (25 August 2008). Bioethics And Biosafety. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. hlm. 456–. ISBN 978-81-906757-0-3. Diakses tanggal 27 March 2013. 

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