Film B

Film B adalah jenis film komersial murahan yang dibuat dengan buruk. Awalnya, selama Zaman Keemasan Hollywood, istilah ini secara khusus merujuk pada film yang dimaksudkan untuk ditayangkan sebagai bagian kedua yang kurang dikenal dari film fitur ganda, agak mirip dengan sisi-B dalam musik rekaman. Namun, produksi film seperti itu sebagai "fitur kedua" di Amerika Serikat sebagian besar menurun pada akhir tahun 1950-an. Pergeseran ini disebabkan oleh munculnya televisi komersial, yang mendorong departemen produksi film studio film B untuk beralih ke divisi produksi film televisi. Divisi-divisi ini terus membuat konten yang mirip dengan film B, meskipun dalam bentuk film dan serial beranggaran rendah.

"King of the Bs", Roger Corman, memproduksi dan menyutradarai The Raven (1963) untuk American International Pictures. Vincent Price menjadi pemeran utama dalam jajaran aktor karakter veteran bersama dengan Jack Nicholson muda.

Saat ini, istilah "film B" digunakan dalam arti yang lebih luas. Dalam penggunaan pasca-Zaman Keemasan, film B dapat mencakup spektrum film yang luas, mulai dari film eksploitasi sensasional hingga produksi arthouse independen.

Dalam kedua penggunaan tersebut, sebagian besar film B mewakili genre tertentu: film Barat adalah pokok film B Zaman Keemasan, sementara film fiksi ilmiah dan horor beranggaran rendah menjadi lebih populer pada tahun 1950-an. Film-film B awal sering kali menjadi bagian dari serial di mana sang bintang berulang kali memerankan karakter yang sama. Hampir selalu lebih pendek daripada film-film unggulan,[1] banyak yang durasinya 70 menit atau kurang. Istilah tersebut menyiratkan persepsi umum bahwa film-film B lebih rendah kualitasnya daripada film-film utama yang beranggaran lebih besar; film-film B individual sering kali diabaikan oleh para kritikus.

Film-film B akhir-akhir ini terkadang masih menginspirasi banyak sekuel, tetapi serial kurang umum. Seiring dengan meningkatnya durasi tayang rata-rata film-film papan atas, demikian pula dengan film-film B. Dalam penggunaannya saat ini, istilah tersebut memiliki konotasi yang agak kontradiktif: istilah tersebut dapat menandakan pendapat bahwa film tertentu adalah (a) "film bergenre" dengan ambisi artistik yang minimal atau (b) film yang hidup dan energik yang tidak terkekang oleh batasan-batasan yang dikenakan pada proyek-proyek yang lebih mahal dan tidak terbebani oleh konvensi film independen yang dianggap serius. Istilah tersebut sekarang juga digunakan secara longgar untuk merujuk pada beberapa film arus utama beranggaran lebih tinggi dengan konten bergaya eksploitasi, biasanya dalam genre-genre yang secara tradisional dikaitkan dengan film B.

Sejak awal hingga saat ini, film B telah memberikan kesempatan bagi mereka yang baru menekuni profesi ini dan mereka yang kariernya sedang menurun. Pembuat film terkenal seperti Anthony Mann dan Jonathan Demme mempelajari keahlian mereka di film B. Di film-film tersebut, aktor seperti John Wayne dan Jack Nicholson pertama kali dikenal, dan mereka telah menyediakan pekerjaan bagi mantan aktor dan aktris film A, seperti Vincent Price dan Karen Black. Beberapa aktor dan aktris, seperti Bela Lugosi, Eddie Constantine, Bruce Campbell, dan Pam Grier, bekerja di film B selama sebagian besar karier mereka.[butuh rujukan] Istilah "aktor dan aktris B" terkadang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada para pemain yang bekerja terutama atau secara eksklusif di film B.

Referensi

  1. ^ "B-film | motion-picture commercial grade". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diakses tanggal August 4, 2017. 

Sumber

  • Archer, Eugene (1960). "'House of Usher': Poe Story on Bill With 'Why Must I Die?'" The New York Times, September 15 (available online).
  • Auty, Chris (2005). "The Amazing Colossal Man," in Pym, Time Out Film Guide, p. 34.
  • Balio, Tino (1995 [1993]). Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise, 1930–1939. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20334-8
  • Berra, John (2008). Declarations of Independence: American Cinema and the Partiality of Independent production. Bristol, UK, and Chicago: Intellect. ISBN 1-84150-185-9
  • Biskind, Peter (1998). Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock'n'Roll Generation Saved Hollywood. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80996-6
  • Braucort, Guy (1970). "Interview with Don Siegel", in Focus on the Science Fiction Film (1972), ed. William Johnson, pp. 74–76. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-795161-2
  • Cagin, Seth, and Philip Dray (1984). Hollywood Films of the Seventies. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-091117-4
  • Canby, Vincent (1969). "By Russ Meyer," The New York Times, September 6 (available online).
  • Canby, Vincent (1984). "Down-and-Out Youths in 'Suburbia'", The New York Times, April 13 (available online).
  • Chapman, James (2000). Licence to Thrill: A Cultural History of the James Bond Films. New York and Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12049-4
  • Collum, Jason Paul (2004). Assault of the Killer B's: Interviews with 20 Cult Film Actresses. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1818-4
  • Cook, David A. (2000). Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970–1979. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23265-8
  • Corman, Roger, with Jim Jerome (1998). How I Made a Hundred Movies in Hollywood and Never Lost a Dime, new ed. New York: Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-80874-9
  • Cousins, Mark (2004). The Story of Film. New York: Thunder's Mouth. ISBN 1-56025-612-5
  • Davies, Adam P., and Nicol Wistreich (2007). The Film Finance Handbook: How to Fund Your Film. London: Netribution. ISBN 0-9550143-2-8
  • Denby, David (1985). "Where the Coyotes Howl", New York, January 21, pp. 51–53.
  • Denisoff, R. Serge, and William D. Romanowski (1991). Risky Business: Rock in Film. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction. ISBN 0-88738-843-4
  • Desser, David (2000). "The Kung Fu Craze: Hong Kong Cinema's First American Reception", in The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity, ed. Poshek Fu and David Desser, pp. 19–43. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77235-4
  • Di Franco, J. Philip, ed. (1979). The Movie World of Roger Corman. New York and London: Chelsea House. ISBN 0-87754-050-0
  • Ebert, Roger (1974). "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre," Chicago Sun-Times, January 1 (available online Diarsipkan June 5, 2011, di Wayback Machine.).
  • Epstein, Edward Jay (2005). The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6353-1
  • Finler, Joel W. (2003). The Hollywood Story, 3d ed. London and New York: Wallflower. ISBN 1-903364-66-3
  • Frank, Allan G. (1998). The Films of Roger Corman: "Shooting My Way out of Trouble". London: B.T. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-8272-9
  • Frasier, David K. (1997 [1990]). Russ Meyer—The Life and Films. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0472-8
  • Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1987). The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-23108-1
  • Greenspun, Roger (1973). "Guercio's 'Electra Glide in Blue' Arrives: Director Makes Debut With a Mystery," The New York Times, August 20 (available online).
  • Haines, Richard W. (2003). The Moviegoing Experience, 1968–2001. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1361-1
  • Halperin, James L., ed. (2006). Heritage Signature Vintage Movie Poster Auction #636. Dallas: Heritage Capital. ISBN 1-59967-060-7
  • Harper, Jim (2004). Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide to Slasher Movies. Manchester, UK: Headpress. ISBN 1-900486-39-3
  • Heffernan, Kevin (2004). Ghouls, Gimmicks, and Gold: Horror Films and the American Movie Business, 1953–1968. Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3215-9
  • Hirschhorn, Clive (1979). The Warner Bros. Story. New York: Crown. ISBN 0-517-53834-2
  • Hirschhorn, Clive (1999). The Columbia Story. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-59836-5
  • Hoberman, J., and Jonathan Rosenbaum (1983). Midnight Movies. New York: Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-80433-6
  • Hollows, Joanne (2003). "The Masculinity of Cult," in Defining Cult Movies: The Cultural Politics of Oppositional Taste, ed. Mark Jancovich, pp. 35–53. Manchester, UK, and New York: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-6631-X
  • Hunter, I. Q. (2009). "Exploitation as Adaptation", in Cultural Borrowings: Appropriation, Reworking, Transformation, ed. Iain Robert Smith, pp. 8–33. Nottingham: Scope. ISBN 978-0-9564641-0-1 (available online).
  • Hurd, Mary G. (2007). Women Directors and Their Films. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-98578-4
  • James, David E. (2005). The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24257-2
  • Jewell, Richard B., with Vernon Harbin (1982). The RKO Story. New York: Arlington House/Crown. ISBN 0-517-54656-6
  • Kael, Pauline (1973). "Un-People," in her Reeling (1976), pp. 263–79. New York: Warner. ISBN 0-446-83420-3
  • Kauffman, Linda S. (1998). Bad Girls and Sick Boys: Fantasies in Contemporary Art and Culture. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21032-8
  • King, Geoff (2005). American Independent Cinema. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-937-0
  • Kinnard, Roy (1988). Beasts and Behemoths: Prehistoric Creatures in the Movies. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8108-2062-5
  • Komiya, Megumi, and Barry Litman, "The Economics of the Prerecorded Videocassette Industry," in Social and Cultural Aspects of VCR Use, ed. Julia R. Dobrow, pp. 25–44. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN 0-8058-0499-4
  • Landis, Bill, and Michelle Clifford (2002). Sleazoid Express: A Mind-Twisting Tour through the Grindhouse Cinema of Times Square. New York: Fireside/Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-1583-4
  • Langford, Barry (2005). Film Genre: Hollywood and Beyond, 2d ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1903-8
  • Lasky, Betty (1989). RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All. Santa Monica, Calif.: Roundtable. ISBN 0-915677-41-5
  • Lawrence, Novotny (2008). Blaxploitation Films of the 1970s: Blackness and Genre. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-96097-5
  • Lentz, Harris M. (2002). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2001. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1278-X
  • Lev, Peter (2003). Transforming the Screen: 1950–1959. New York et al.: Thomson-Gale. ISBN 0-684-80495-6
  • Levine, Elena (2007). Wallowing in Sex: The New Sexual Culture of 1970s American Television. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3919-6
  • Lewis, Jon (2002). Hollywood v. Hard Core: How the Struggle over Censorship Created the Modern Film Industry. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-5143-1
  • Loy, R. Philip (2004). Westerns in a Changing America, 1955–2000. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1871-0
  • Lubasch, Arnold H. (1979). "Allied Artists Seeks Help Under Bankruptcy Act; Allied Artists Files Chapter XI," The New York Times, April 5.
  • Lyons, Arthur (2000). Death on the Cheap: The Lost B Movies of Film Noir. New York: Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-80996-6
  • Maltby, Richard (2000). "'The Problem of Interpretation...': Authorial and Institutional Intentions In and Around Kiss Me Deadly," Screening the Past (June 30, available online Diarsipkan May 5, 2012, di Wayback Machine.).
  • Mank, Gregory William (2001). Hollywood Cauldron: 13 Horror Films from the Genre's Golden Age. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1112-0
  • Maslin, Janet (1997). "An Orgy of Bent Fenders and Bent Love," The New York Times, March 21 (available online).
  • Mathijs, Ernest, and Xavier Mendik, eds. (2008). The Cult Film Reader. Maidenhead and New York: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-21924-1
  • Matthews, Melvin E. (2007). Hostile Aliens, Hollywood, and Today's News: 1950s Science Fiction Films and 9/11. New York: Algora. ISBN 0-87586-497-X
  • McCarthy, Todd, and Charles Flynn, eds. (1975). Kings of the Bs: Working Within the Hollywood System—An Anthology of Film History and Criticism. New York: E.P. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-47378-5
  • McGilligan, Patrick (1996). Jack's Life: A Biography of Jack Nicholson. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31378-6
  • Merritt, Greg (2000). Celluloid Mavericks: The History of American Independent Film. New York: Thunder's Mouth. ISBN 1-56025-232-4
  • Milne, Tom (2005). "Electra Glide in Blue," in Pym, Time Out Film Guide, p. 389.
  • Morrow, John (1996). "Cinekirbyesque: Examining Jack's Deal with Empire Pictures," Jack Kirby Collector 12 (July).
  • Mottram, James (2006). The Sundance Kids: How the Mavericks Took Back Hollywood. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-571-22267-6
  • Muller, Eddie (1998). Dark City: The Lost World of Film Noir. New York: St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-18076-4
  • Nachbar, Jack, ed. (1974). Focus on the Western. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-950626-8
  • Naremore, James (1998). More Than Night: Film Noir in Its Contexts. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21294-0
  • Nason, Richard (1959). "Weak 'Hercules'; Italian-Made Spectacle Opens at 135 Theatres," The New York Times, July 23 (available online).
  • O'Connor, John J. (1995). "Horror Hero of the 90's, Half Man, Half Bomb," The New York Times, July 11 (available online).
  • Oppermann, Michael (1996). "Ed Wood" (film review), Journal of American Studies of Turkey 3 (spring, available online).
  • Ottoson, Robert (1981). A Reference Guide to the American Film Noir: 1940–1958. Metuchen, N.J., and London: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-1363-7
  • Paul, William (1994). Laughing, Screaming: Modern Hollywood Horror and Comedy. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08464-1
  • Petit, Chris (2005). "The Winged Serpent (aka Q—The Winged Serpent)," in Pym, Time Out Film Guide, p. 1481.
  • Prince, Stephen (2002). A New Pot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980–1989. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23266-6
  • Pym, John, ed. (2005). Time Out Film Guide, 14th ed. London et al.: Time Out. ISBN 1-904978-87-8
  • Quarles, Mike (2001 [1993]). Down and Dirty: Hollywood's Exploitation Filmmakers and Their Movies. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1142-2
  • Rabiger, Michael (2008). Directing: Film Techniques and Aesthetics, 4th ed. Burlington, Mass.: Focal Press. ISBN 0-240-80882-7
  • Rausch, Andrew J., with Michael Dequina (2008). Fifty Filmmakers: Conversations with Directors from Roger Avary to Steven Zaillian. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-3149-0
  • Reid, John Howard (2005a). Hollywood 'B' Movies: A Treasury of Spills, Chills & Thrills. Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu. ISBN 1-4116-5065-4
  • Reid, John Howard (2005b). Movie Westerns: Hollywood Films the Wild, Wild West. Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu. ISBN 1-4116-6610-0
  • Rockoff, Adam (2002). Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1227-5
  • Reynaud, Bérénice (2006). "Wanda's Shattered Lives" (booklet accompanying Parlour Pictures DVD release of Wanda).
  • Rubin, Martin (1999). Thrillers. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58183-4
  • Russell, Carolyn R. (2001). The Films of Joel and Ethan Coen. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0973-8
  • Sapolsky, Barry S., and Fred Molitor (1996). "Content Trends in Contemporary Horror Films," in Horror Films: Current Research on Audience Preferences and Reactions, ed. James B. Weaver, pp. 33–48. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN 0-8058-1174-5
  • Schaefer, Eric (1992). "Of Hygiene and Hollywood: Origins of the Exploitation Film", in Hollywood: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies—Vol. 1: Historical Dimensions: The Development of the American Film Industry (2004), ed. Thomas Schatz, pp. 161–80 (originally published in The Velvet Light Trap 30). New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28131-8
  • Schaefer, Eric (1999). "Bold! Daring! Shocking! True!": A History of Exploitation Films, 1919–1959. Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2374-5
  • Schatz, Thomas (1993). "The New Hollywood", in Film Theory Goes to the Movies: Cultural Analysis of Contemporary Film, ed. Jim Collins, Hilary Radner, and Ava Preacher Collins, pp. 8–36. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-90575-3
  • Schatz, Thomas (1998 [1989]). The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-19596-2
  • Schatz, Thomas (1999 [1997]). Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22130-3
  • Schneider, Steven Jay, and Tony Williams (2005). Horror International. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3101-7
  • Schrader, Paul (1972). "Notes on Film Noir", in Silver and Ursini, Film Noir Reader, pp. 53–63 (originally published in Film Comment 8, no. 1).
  • Scott, A. O. (2005). "Where Have All the Howlers Gone?" The New York Times, "Arts & Leisure," December 18.
  • Segrave, Kerry (1992). Drive-In Theaters: A History from Their Inception in 1933. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland. ISBN 0-89950-752-2
  • Shapiro, Jerome F. (2002). Atomic Bomb Cinema: The Apocalyptic Imagination on Film. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93659-4
  • Silver, Alain (1995). "Kiss Me Deadly: Evidence of a Style", rev. ver., in Silver and Ursini, Film Noir Reader, pp. 209–35.
  • Silver, Alain, and James Ursini, eds. (1996). Film Noir Reader. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Limelight. ISBN 0-87910-197-0
  • Staiger, Janet (2000). Blockbuster TV: Must-see Sitcoms in the Network Era. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-9757-1
  • Stevenson, Jack (2003). Land of a Thousand Balconies: Discoveries and Confessions of a B-Movie Archaeologist. Manchester, UK: Headpress/Critical Vision. ISBN 1-900486-23-7
  • Strawn, Linda May (1975 [1974]). "Samuel Z. Arkoff [interview]", in McCarthy and Flynn, Kings of the Bs, pp. 255–66.
  • Syder, Andrew, and Dolores Tierney (2005). "Importation/Mexploitation, or, How a Crime-Fighting, Vampire-Slaying Mexican Wrestler Almost Found Himself in an Italian Sword-and-Sandals Epic", in Schneider and Williams, Horror International, pp. 33–55.
  • Taves, Brian (1995 [1993]). "The B Film: Hollywood's Other Half", in Balio, Grand Design, pp. 313–50.
  • Thompson, Howard (1960). "'Hercules Unchained' Heads Twin Bill", The New York Times, July 14 (available online).
  • Tuska, Jon (1974). "The American Western Cinema: 1903–Present", in Nachbar, Focus on the Western, pp. 25–43.
  • Tuska, Jon (1999). The Vanishing Legion: A History of Mascot Pictures, 1927–1935. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0749-2
  • Van Peebles, Melvin (2003). "The Real Deal: What It Was... Is! Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song" (commentary accompanying Xenon Entertainment DVD release of Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song).
  • Warren, Bill (2001). The Evil Dead Companion. New York: St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-27501-3
  • Waterman, David (2005). Hollywood's Road to Riches. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01945-8
  • West, Richard (1974). "Scariest Movie Ever?", Texas Monthly, March, p. 9.
  • Williams, Tony (1996). Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film. Cranbury, N.J., London, and Mississauga, Ontario: Associated University Presses. ISBN 0-8386-3564-4
  • Willis, Sharon (1997). High Contrast: Race and Gender in Contemporary Hollywood Film. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2041-X
  • Wood, Robin (2003). Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan—and Beyond, exp. and rev. ed. New York and Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12967-X
  • Wyatt, Justin (1998). "The Formation of the 'Major Independent': Miramax, New Line, and the New Hollywood", in Contemporary Hollywood Cinema, ed. Stephen Neale and Murray Smith, pp. 74–90. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-17010-9
  • Zeitchik, Steven, and Nicole Laporte (2006). "Atomic Label Proves a Blast for Fox", Variety, November 19 (available online ).

Pranala luar

Aneka ragam

Read other articles:

Ha Jae-sook

Dalam nama Korean ini, nama keluarganya adalah Ha. Ha Jae-sookLahir7 Januari 1979 (umur 45)Daegu, Korea SelatanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif2000–sekarangAgenFamily Actors Entertainment Nama KoreaHangul하재숙 Alih AksaraHa Jae-sukMcCune–ReischauerHa Chae-suk Ha Jae-sook (lahir 7 Januari 1979) adalah pemeran Korea Selatan. Ia keluar dari Hankuk University of Foreign Studies untuk mengejar karir akting, dan membuat debut teaternya pada tahun 2000. Setelah beberapa tahun di atas pa...

 

 

Nyanyian Dharma

Nyanyian DharmaAlbum studio karya Dewa BudjanaDirilis1998DirekamStudio Pregina BaliGenreRohaniLabelNyanyian Dharma FoundationProduserDewa BudjanaKronologi Dewa Budjana Nyanyian Dharma (1998) Nyanyian Dharma 2 (2007)Nyanyian Dharma 22007 Nyanyian Dharma adalah sebuah projek album rohani yang diproduseri oleh Dewa Budjana. Diedarkan pada tahun 1998. Daftar lagu Om Swastiastu Karma Selalu Di JalanNya Tri Kaya Parisudha Hymne Tat Twam Asi Moksa KuasaNya Narasi Gde Prama Suci Rasa Mantramku Mu...

 

 

John Malkovich

John MalkovichLahirJohn Gavin Malkovich9 Desember 1953 (umur 70)Christopher, Illinois, A.S.Pekerjaan Aktor Pengisian suara Sutradara Produser Tata busana Tahun aktif1976–sekarang John Gavin Malkovich (lahir 9 Desember 1953) adalah aktor, pengisi suara, sutradara, produser, dan perancang busana Amerika. Dia menerima Academy Award nominasi untuk penampilannya di Places in the Heart (1984) dan In the Line of Fire (1993). Malkovich telah muncul di lebih dari 70 film, termasuk The Kil...

Hercules (crater)

Crater on the Moon Feature on the moonHerculesMosaic of Lunar Orbiter 4 imagesCoordinates46°49′N 39°13′E / 46.82°N 39.21°E / 46.82; 39.21Diameter68.32 kmDepth3.2 kmColongitude322° at sunriseEponymHercules Selenochromatic Image (Si) of crater area Oblique view of Atlas and Hercules from Apollo 16 Atlas (upper right) and Hercules (lower left) Lunar craters Atlas and Hercules at center, near the terminator as viewed from Earth Hercules is a prominent crater locat...

 

 

Cycling in the United States

American sport and mode of transport Cycling in the United StatesCapital Bikeshare users in Washington, D.C.CountryUnited StatesGoverning bodyUSA CyclingNational team(s)United States Olympics teamInternational competitions Summer OlympicsTour de France Cycling in the United States is a minor sport in the country. It is also a mode of transport, particularly in urban areas. As a mode of transport History Bicycling experienced a rise in popularity in the 21st century, as people sought to escape...

 

 

Clan (car)

Motor vehicle Clan CrusaderOverviewProduction1971–74315 produced more produced after tooling was soldBody and chassisClassSports carBody style2-door sports coupéLayoutRR layoutPowertrainEngine875 cc SOHC I4 (Hillman Imp)998 cc SOHC I4 (Hillman Imp)DimensionsWheelbase82.25 in (2,089 mm)Length150 in (3,810 mm)Width59 in (1,499 mm)Height42.75 in (1,086 mm)Curb weight615 kg (1,356 lb)[1] The Clan Crusader is a fibre...

Ende Gelände 2019

Aksi Ende Gelände 2019 yang menutup jalur kereta utara-selatan pembangkit listrik Neurath pada 23 Juni 2019. Ende Gelände 2019 adalah aksi besar-besaran berupa tuntutan keadilan iklim yang terjadi di pertambangan batu lignit Rhenish yang terletak di pegunungan lignit di Kölner Bucht, wilayah jarang penduduk di bagian barat daya Nordrhein-Westfalen, Jerman. Aksi damai ini menuntut untuk tidak memakai lagi bahan bakar fosil yang dipakai oleh perusahaan pembangkit listrik RWE berupa batu bara...

 

 

Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt

Ancient Egyptian dynasty Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt732 BC–720 BCStela of TefnakhtCapitalSaisCommon languagesEgyptian languageReligion Ancient Egyptian ReligionGovernmentAbsolute monarchyPharaoh • 732-725 BC Tefnakht• 725-720 BC Bakenranef Historical eraClassical antiquity• Conquests of Tefnakht 732 BC• Deposition of Bakenranef 720 BC Preceded by Succeeded by Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt Periods and dynasties of ancien...

 

 

George Bush Center for Intelligence

CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, U.S. George Bush Center for IntelligenceAn aerial view of the George Bush Center for IntelligenceGeneral informationStatusCompletedAddress1000 Colonial Farm Road, Langley, Fairfax County, VirginiaCountryUnited StatesCoordinates38°57′6.12″N 77°8′48.12″W / 38.9517000°N 77.1467000°W / 38.9517000; -77.1467000Current tenantsCentral Intelligence AgencyNamed forGeorge H. W. BushConstruction startedOctober 1957Topped-out1960Op...

Associazione Calcio Forlì 1982-1983

Voce principale: Forlì Football Club. AC ForlìStagione 1982-1983 Sport calcio Squadra Forlì Allenatore Angelo Becchetti Presidente Giovanni Bianchi Serie C118º nel girone A (retrocesso in Serie C2) Coppa Italia Serie CFase eliminatoria a gironi Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Cossaro, Della Monica (30) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Pin (5) StadioTullo Morgagni 1981-1982 1983-1984 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti l'Associazione ...

 

 

Bajo Llobregat

Bajo LlobregatBaix Llobregat Comarca Coordenadas 41°25′50″N 1°58′00″E / 41.430555555556, 1.9666666666667Capital San Feliu de LlobregatCiudad más poblada Cornellá de LlobregatEntidad Comarca • País  España • Comunidad Cataluña Cataluña • Provincia Barcelona BarcelonaSubdivisiones 30 municipiosSuperficie Puesto 33.º • Total 486 km² (1,51%)Población (2023) Puesto 3.º • Total 840 572 hab....

 

 

Vicki Barr

Questa voce sull'argomento atleti britannici è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Vicki Barr Nazionalità  Regno Unito Atletica leggera Specialità 400 metri piani Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Mondiali 0 0 1 Europei 0 1 0 Europei indoor 0 1 0 Giochi del Commonwealth 0 1 0 Vedi maggiori dettagli   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Vicki Barr, vero nome Victoria ...

Chinese Orthodox Church

Eastern Orthodox church in China Chinese Orthodox ChurchChurch of the Intercession, HarbinAbbreviationCOCClassificationEastern OrthodoxBishops0Parishes13LiturgyByzantine RiteTerritoryPeople's Republic of ChinaMembers15,000[1] The Chinese Orthodox Church (simplified Chinese: 中华东正教会; traditional Chinese: 中華東正教會; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Dōngzhèngjiàohuì, Russian: Китайская православная церковь) is an autonomous Eastern Orthod...

 

 

إليزابيث من البوسنة

إليزابيث من البوسنة (بالبوسنوية: Elizabeta Kotromanić)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1340 الوفاة ديسمبر 1386 سبب الوفاة قتل خطأ  مواطنة مملكة المجر  الزوج لويس الأول المجري (1353–)  الأولاد كاثرين من المجرماري، ملكة المجريادويغا ملكة بولندا  الأب ستيفن الثاني، بان البوسنة الأم إل...

 

 

Little League Baseball

Youth sports organization Little League Baseball, IncorporatedMost recent season or competition:2024SportBaseball, softballFounded1939 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, U.S.FounderCarl E. StotzFirst season1939CEOStephen D. KeenerCOOPatrick WilsonDirectorDavid Houseknecht, CFOClaim to fameLargest organized youth sports organization in the worldMottoCharacter, Courage, and LoyaltyNo. of teamsover 180,000Competitors2,600,000QualificationLittle League International TournamentTV partner(s)ESPN, ESPN2...

Resident Evil: Apocalypse

Resident Evil: ApocalypsePoster film.SutradaraAlexander WittProduserPaul AndersonJeremy BoltDon CarmodyDitulis olehPaul AndersonPemeranMilla Jovovich Sienna Guillory Oded Fehr Mike Epps Sandrine Holt Sophie VavasseurPenata musikJeff DannaSinematograferDerek Rogers Christian SebaldtPenyuntingEddie HamiltonPerusahaanproduksiConstantin FilmDavis FilmsImpact PicturesDistributorScreen GemsTanggal rilis 10 September 2004 8 Oktober 2004 11 September 2004 21 Oktober 2004Durasi94 menit98 menit (...

 

 

Pandemi Covid-19 di Nebraska

Pandemi COVID-19 di Nebraska adalah pandemi virus yang sedang berlangsung dari penyakit koronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), suatu penyakit menular yang baru ada yang disebabkan oleh koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hingga 20 Mei 2020[update], terdapat 11.122 kasus yang terkonfirmasi dan terdapat 138 kematian.[1] Linimasa Februari Pada 17 Februari 2020, sebanyak 13 orang Amerika dipulangkan ke Pusat Medis Universitas Nebraska dari Princess Diamond di...

 

 

Daisy Weku

Daisy WekuLahir14 AprilManado, Sulawesi UtaraKebangsaan IndonesiaAlmamaterUniversitas Kristen Satya WacanaPekerjaanPembawa acara berita, produser Daisy Weku merupakan seorang jurnalis dan produser berkebangsaan Indonesia. Daisy merupakan alumnus Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana jurusan Akuntansi. Ia berkarier di bidang jurnalistik pada 2004 sebagai pembawa acara berita di stasiun televisi Trans TV, di mana ia membawakan acara Reportase Pagi dan Reportase Sore. Kini, ia mendapat kepercayaan s...

2007 in Singapore

Singapore-related events during 2007 This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. ← 2006 2005 2004 2007 in Singapore → 2008 2009 2010 Decades: 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s See also: Other events of 2007 Timeline of Singaporean history The following lists events that happened during 2007 in the Republic of Singapore. Incumbents President: S.R. Nathan Prime Minister: Lee Hs...

 

 

De Havilland Fox Moth

Light transport biplane developed by de Havilland in the UK in the early 1930s DH.83 Fox Moth Fox Moth in flight at Fenland Airfield (2012) Role Passenger aircraftType of aircraft Manufacturer de Havilland Designer A.E. Hagg First flight 29 January 1932 Introduction 1932 Number built 155 The DH.83 Fox Moth is a small biplane passenger aircraft from the 1930s powered by a single de Havilland Gipsy Major I inline inverted engine, manufactured by the de Havilland Aircraft Company. The aircraft w...