Falcon 9

Falcon 9
Berkas:Peluncuran Satelit Bangabandhu-1.jpeg
Fungsi Kendaraan peluncur orbital
Produsen SpaceX
Negara asal Amerika Serikat
Biaya per peluncuran (2025) $62M (2016),[1] $50M (2018)[2]
Ukuran
Tinggi
  • FT: 70 m (230 ft)[3]
  • v1.1: 684 m (2.244 ft)[4]
  • v1.0: 549 m (1.801 ft)[5]
Diameter 37 m (121 ft)[3]
Massa
  • FT: 549,054 kg (1.210,46 pon)[3]
  • v1.1: 505,846 kg (1.115,20 pon)[4]
  • v1.0: 333,400 kg (735,02 pon)[5]
Tingkatan 2
Kapasitas
Muatan menuju LEO (28.5°)
Massa
  • FT: 22.800 kg (50.300 pon)[1] expendable, 15.600 kg (34.400 pon) untuk misi dengan pendaratan tahap pertama
  • v1.1: 13.150 kg (28.990 pon)[4]
  • v1.0: 10.450 kg (23.040 pon)[5]
Muatan menuju GTO (27°)
Massa
  • FT: 8.300 kg (18.300 pon) expendable,
    5.500 kg (12.100 pon) untuk misi dengan pendaratan tahap pertama di ASDS[1]
    3.500 kg (7.700 pon) when RTLS[6]
  • v1.1: 4.850 kg (10.690 pon)[4]
  • v1.0: 4.540 kg (10.010 pon)[5]
Muatan menuju Mars
MassaFT: 4,020 kg (8,86 pon)[1]
Roket terkait
Derivatif Falcon Heavy
Sejarah peluncuran
Status
  • FT Block 5: Aktif[7]
  • FT Block 4: Pensiun
  • FT Block 3: Pensiun
  • v1.1: Pensiun
  • v1.0: Pensiun
Tempat peluncuran
Total peluncuran
  • 106
    • FT: 86
    • v1.1: 15
    • v1.0: 5
Keberhasilan
peluncuran
  • 104
    • FT: 86
    • v1.1: 14
    • v1.0: 4
Kegagalan 1 (v1.1: CRS-7)
Kegagalan parsial 1 (v1.0: CRS-1)[8]
Lainnya 2 (FT: Amos-6[a], Zuma)
Penerbangan perdana
Penerbangan terakhir
  • FT Block 5: 24 Januari 2021 (Transporter-1)
  • FT Block 4: 29 Juni 2018 (CRS-15)
  • v1.1: 17 Januari 2016 (Jason-3)
  • v1.0: 1 Maret 2013 (CRS-2)

Falcon 9 adalah kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa yang dirancang dan diproduksi oleh SpaceX. Falcon 9 merupakan salah satu roket keluarga Falcon yang berada dalam status aktif. Dua tahap pertama Falcon 9 dapat dikonversi menjadi pendorong samping Falcon Heavy, roket yang 3 kali lebih kuat dibandingkan Falcon 9.

Penamaan roket ini terinspirasi oleh kendaraan Millennium Falcon dan sembilan mesin di tahapan pertama roket. Roket ini memiliki beberapa versi, yaitu v1.0 (2010–2013), v1.1 (2013–2016), v1.2 "Full Thrust" (2015–2018), Block 4, dan varian Block 5 yang mulai meluncur sejak Mei 2018. Tidak seperti roket pada umumnya yang merupakan sistem peluncur expendable (roket dibuang setelah digunakan), Falcon 9 adalah roket yang sebagian komponennya dapat digunakan kembali, dengan tahapan pertamanya mampu memasuki kembali atmosfer dan mendarat vertikal setelah dilepaskan dari tahapan kedua. Pendaratan seperti ini berhasil dilakukan untuk pertama kalinya pada penerbangan ke-20 Falcon 9 dengan versi Falcon 9 v1.2 pada Desember 2015.

Dari kiri ke kanan: Falcon 1, Falcon 9 v1.0, tiga versi Falcon 9 v1.1, tiga versi Falcon 9 v1.2 (FT), dua versi Falcon 9 Block 5, dan dua versi Falcon Heavy

Propelan yang digunakan oleh Falcon 9 adalah oksigen cair (LOX) dan RP-1. Falcon 9 dapat mengangkat muatan hingga 22.800 kilogram (50.300 lb) ke orbit Bumi rendah, dan 8.300 kilogram (18.300 lb) ke orbit transfer geostasioner (GTO) ketika menggunakan konfigurasi sekali pakai, dan 5.500 kilogram (12.100 lb) ke orbit GTO ketika tahap pertama dipulihkan. Biaya untuk sewa roket ini sekitar ($62 juta) untuk transfer ke orbit GTO.

Riwayat peluncuran

Peluncuran penting

Peluncuran roket Falcon 9 pada misi COTS Demo Flight 1.
Falcon 9 Flight 20 Momen bersejarah ketika pendorong roket Falcon 9 mendarat di Landing Zone 1, CCAFS pada 21 Desember 2015.
Penerbangan Falcon 9 361 Starlink Group 9-1, Pangkalan Angkatan Luar Angkasa Vandenberg dengan efek contrail space jellyfish pada 18 Juni 2024.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama spacex-capabilities
  2. ^ Baylor, Michael (May 17, 2018). "With Block 5, SpaceX to increase launch cadence and lower prices". NASASpaceFlight.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-20. Diakses tanggal May 24, 2018. 
  3. ^ a b c Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama falcon9-2015
  4. ^ a b c d Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama falcon9-2013
  5. ^ a b c d Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama falcon9-2010
  6. ^ "Air Force requirements will keep SpaceX from landing Falcon 9 booster after GPS launch – Spaceflight Now". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 20, 2019. Diakses tanggal May 17, 2019. 
  7. ^ "SpaceX Test-Fires New Falcon 9 Block 5 Rocket Ahead of Maiden Flight (Updated)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-16. 
  8. ^ de Selding, Peter B. (2012-10-15). "Orbcomm Craft Launched by Falcon 9 Falls out of Orbit". Space News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-10-01. Diakses tanggal 2012-10-15. Orbcomm requested that SpaceX carry one of their small satellites (weighing a few hundred pounds, vs. Dragon at over 12,000 pounds)... The higher the orbit, the more test data [Orbcomm] can gather, so they requested that we attempt to restart and raise altitude. NASA agreed to allow that, but only on condition that there be substantial propellant reserves, since the orbit would be close to the space station. It is important to appreciate that Orbcomm understood from the beginning that the orbit-raising maneuver was tentative. They accepted that there was a high risk of their satellite remaining at the Dragon insertion orbit. SpaceX would not have agreed to fly their satellite otherwise, since this was not part of the core mission and there was a known, material risk of no altitude raise. 
  9. ^ Graham, William (21 December 2015). "SpaceX returns to flight with OG2, nails historic core return". NASASpaceFlight. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-12-22. Diakses tanggal 22 Desember 2015. The launch also marked the first flight of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust, internally known only as the "Upgraded Falcon 9" 
  10. ^ Graham, Will. "SpaceX successfully launches debut Falcon 9 v1.1". NASASpaceFlight. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-29. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2013. 
  11. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama MSDB
  12. ^ Grush, Loren (March 30, 2017). "SpaceX makes aerospace history with successful launch and landing of a used rocket". The Verge. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 30, 2017. Diakses tanggal May 2, 2017. 
  13. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama fairing-recovery
  14. ^ "SpaceX Falcon 9 sets new record with Telstar 19V launch from SLC-40". nasaspaceflight.com. July 21, 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 22, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 2, 2019. 
  15. ^ Ralph, Eric. "SpaceX Falcon 9 bids temporary goodbye to West Coast in launch and landing photos". Teslarati. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-13. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2020. 
  16. ^ Ralph, Eric. "SpaceX's Falcon 9 sticks foggy booster recovery at California landing zone". Teslarati. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-17. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2020. 
  17. ^ "Launch of SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 with RADARSAT Constellation". Spacetv. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-02. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2020. 

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