Deposisi (perubahan wujud zat)

Uap air dari endapan udara musim dingin yang lembap langsung menjadi pola es kristal padat di jendela, tanpa pernah menjadi cair dalam prosesnya.

Deposisi atau pengkristalan adalah sebuah perubahan fase di mana gas berubah menjadi padat tanpa melewati fase cair. Deposisi adalah sebuah proses termodinamika. Kebalikan dari deposisi adalah sublimasi, dan karenanya, pengendapan terkadang disebut desublimasi.

Aplikasi

Contoh

Salah satu contoh deposisi adalah proses di mana, pada udara subbeku, uap air berubah langsung menjadi es tanpa terlebih dahulu menjadi cairan. Ini adalah bagaimana embun beku terbentuk di tanah atau permukaan lainnya. Contoh lain adalah ketika embun beku terbentuk pada daun. Agar deposisi terjadi, energi panas harus dikeluarkan dari gas. Ketika udara menjadi cukup dingin, uap air di udara yang mengelilingi daun kehilangan energi panas yang cukup untuk berubah menjadi padat. Meskipun suhu udara mungkin di bawah titik embun, uap air mungkin tidak dapat mengembun secara spontan jika tidak ada cara untuk menghilangkan panas laten. Ketika daun dimasukkan, uap air yang sangat dingin segera mulai mengembun, tetapi pada titik ini sudah melewati titik beku. Hal ini menyebabkan uap air langsung berubah menjadi padat.

Contoh lainnya adalah jelaga yang terdeposisi pada dinding cerobong asap. Molekul jelaga naik dari api dalam wujud panas dan gas. Ketika mereka bersentuhan dengan dinding, mereka mendingin, dan berubah menjadi wujud padat, tanpa pembentukan wujud cair. Proses ini dimanfaatkan secara industri dalam deposisi uap kimia pembakaran.

Aplikasi industri

Ada sebuah proses pelapisan industri, yang dikenal sebagai deposisi evaporatif, di mana bahan padat dipanaskan ke keadaan gas di ruang bertekanan rendah, molekul gas bergerak melintasi ruang bilik dan kemudian disimpan ke keadaan padat pada permukaan target, membentuk lapisan halus dan tipis pada permukaan target. Sekali lagi, molekul tersebut tidak melalui wujud cair intermediat ketika berpindah dari gas ke padat. Lihat juga deposisi uap fisik, yang merupakan kelas proses yang digunakan untuk menyimpan film tipis dari berbagai bahan ke berbagai permukaan.

Deposisi melepaskan energi dan merupakan perubahan fase eksotermik.

Lihat pula

Perubahan fase zat (
)
Ke
Dari
 Padat Cair Gas Plasma
Padat Mencair Menyublim
Cair Membeku Menguap
Gas Mengkristal Mengembun Mengion
Plasma Rekombinasi

Referensi


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