Bulan-bulan

Bulan-bulan


Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Actinopterygii
Ordo:	Elopiformes
Famili:	Megalopidae
Genus:	Megalops
Spesies:	M. cyprinoides
Nama binomial
*Megalops cyprinoides* (Broussonet, 1782)
Sinonim
M. cundinga Hamilton 1822 M. curtifilis Richardson 1846 M. filamentosus Haldar 1981 M. indicus Valenciennes 1847 M. macrophthalmus Bleeker 1851 M. macropterus Bleeker 1866 M. oligolepis Bleeker 1866 M. setipinnis Richardson 1846 M. stagier Castelnau 1878

Bulan-bulan merupakan ikan berukuran relatif sedang dari keluarga Megalopidae.^[1] Di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, ikan ini juga dikenal dengan nama kampulan (Sulawesi Selatan), seleh (Jawa Tengah), atau trupang (Jawa Timur). Di Australia ikan ini dikenal dengan nama Indo-Pacific tarpon. Ikan ini bisa ditemukan di wilayah pesisir atau muara sungai sepanjang wilayah tropis Indo-Pasifik, mulai dari wilayah pesisir timur Afrika sampai ke kepulauan Pasifik.^[2]

Deskripsi

Ikan ini memiliki warna keperak-perakan di bagian samping tubuhnya, sementara bagian punggungnya tampak hijau kebiruan. Sisiknya berukuran besar, dengan satu sirip punggung yang bagian bawahnya memanjang dan berserat, hampir mengenai ekornya. Mulutnya mengarah ke atas, dimana rahang bawahnya memiliki tampal gigi yang memanjang dan bertulang. Ikan ini mampu mengisi Gelembung renangnya dengan udara dan menyerap oksigen darinya. Contoh ikan yang ditemukan di air tawar cenderung berukuran lebih kecil (hanya sepanjang 50 cm (20 in)) daripada contoh ikan yang ditemukan di laut (lebih dari 1 m (3,3 ft)). Ikan ini saat menetas berbentuk jentik, dan lalu bermetamorfosis selama 10 hari. Ikan ini dewasa setelah berusia 2 tahun, dan bisa hidup sampai 44 tahun.^[3]

Diet dan Prilaku

Ikan ini merupakan pemangsa oportunis, dimana mangsanya adalah ikan kecil, udang-udangan, dan kadang tanaman. Di perairan pesisir, mereka biasanya memangsa ikan haring dan udang, juga ikan lainnya. Di laut tawar, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam kebiasaan memangsa mereka; dimana mangsa ikan ini biasanya adalah udang air tawar dan ikan tukari.^[4]

Referensi

^ Adams, A., Guindon, K., Horodysky, A., MacDonald, T., McBride, R., Shenker, J. & Ward, R. 2012. Megalops cyprinoides. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. [www.iucnredlist.org]. Downloaded on 01 March 2014.
^ Pusey, Brad; Kennard, Mark J.; Arthington, Angela H. (2004-01-01). Freshwater Fishes of North-eastern Australia (dalam bahasa Inggris). Csiro Publishing. ISBN 9780643069664.
^ Kulkarni, C.V. 1983. Longevity of fish Megalops cyprinoides. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80: 230-232.
^ Coates, D. 1987. Observations on the biology of the Tarpon, Megalops cyprinoides(Broussonet) (Pisces:Megalopidae) in the Sepik River, Northern Papua New Guinea.Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 529-535.

Pranala luar

Underwater video of wild Indo-Pacific Tarpon (Oxeye Herring) on Youtube
Image and info Diarsipkan 2008-12-07 di Wayback Machine.
"Megalops cyprinoides". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 05 2005 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2005.

Pengidentifikasi takson	Wikidata: Q221572 Wikispecies: Megalops cyprinoides ADW: Megalops_cyprinoides AFD: Megalops_cyprinoides BOLD: 10666 EoL: 46561201 EUNIS: 123894 FishBase: 227 GBIF: 5203127 iNaturalist: 62618 IRMNG: 11127234 ITIS: 553289 IUCN: 166868 NCBI: 118141 WoRMS: 212253

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