Lingua tongan

Lingua tongan

Lingua extincte
Nomine native:	Lea fakatonga, Faka Tonga, lea fakatonga
instantia de:	lingua moderne[], lingua natural[]
subclasse de:	Tongic[*]



Create per:	{{{creator}}} in {{{data}}}
Contexto:	{{{contexto}}}
Parlate in:	{{{statos}}}
Regiones:Parlate in:	{{{region}}}
Periodo:	{{{periodo}}}
Personas:	186 010

Scriptura:	alphabeto latin
Typologia:	{{{typologia}}}
Phylogenese:
Statuto official
Nationes:	nulle
Regulate per:	[[]]
Codices de position
ISO 639-1	to
ISO 639-2	ton
ISO 639-3	ton
Glottolog	tong1325
LinguistList	[1]
Linguasphere	[2]
IETF ID	to
SIL	{{{sil}}}
SIL	{{{sil2}}}
Wikimedia ID	to
Extracto in lingua
Declaration universal del derectos del homine - Art.1 {{{extracto}}}
Le Patre Nostre {{{extracto2}}}
Translitteration {{{translitteration}}}


Commons:	Tongan language
categoria principal:	Category:Tongan language

Le lingua tongan es un lingua polynesian parlate in le Insulas Tonga in le Oceano Pacific e equalmente per tonganos in altere paises (Australia, Nove Zelanda, le Statos Unite, Canada, etc.). Tongano es, con anglese, un del duo linguas official de Tonga.

Como altere linguas polynesian, Tonga possede assatis pauc de phonemas. Illo es orthographiate phonemicamente in le alphabeto latin. Le alphabeto tongan ha solmente 17 litteras.

A a
E e
F f
H h
I i
K k

L l
M m
N n
Ng ng
O o
P p

S s
T t
U u
V v
ʻ

Le digraphe ng (scripte simplemente como g usque 1943) representa le phonema /ŋ/. Le ultime littera del alphabeto tongan ( ʻ ) es le fakauʻa, le version tongan del ʻokina, que representa un colpo de glotta /ʔ/. Le cinque vocales recipe un macron (toloi) pro indicar longitude (dunque ā ē ī ō ū). Si, pro rationes technic, iste symbolos non son disponibile, on pote substitue un apostrophe pro le fakauʻa e un dierese pro le toloi (pro exemplo Fä'imata in loco de Fāʻimata), ma iste practica es substandard. Le vocales pote anque reciper un accento acute pro indicar irregularitates tonic (dunque á é í ó ú). Ante 1943, on utilisava anque le litteras b (in loco de p) e j (pro un phonema /tʃ/ que ha convergite con /s/).

Le lexico del tongano es multo similabile al wallisiano (86% de parolas), samoano (66%) e malagasy (61%).

Le tongano es un lingua insulante, i.e. sin conjugation ni declination. Tote le parolas (salvo nomines proprie e demonstrativos) son combinabile assi ben con determinantes nominal como con marcatores verbal. Dunque, on non pote distinguer le verbo del nomine lexicamente. Nonobstante, iste distinction existe syntacticamente.

Le phrases tongan son constructe secundo le patrono Verbo + Subjecto + Objecto. Le pronomine tongan distingue tres numeros (singular, dual e plural) e quatro personas (prime inclusive, prime exclusive, secunde e tertie). Articulos distingue tres grados de definitate (indefinite, semi-definite e definite).

Le lingua tongan es parlate per 98% del tonganos e es un lingua official. Nonobstante, le uso del tongano es principalmente oral. Solo traductiones del Biblia e del Libro de Mormon e un pauc de altere libros ha essite impresse in tongano. Nulle jornal quotidian appare in tongano, ma il ha plure jornales septimanal:

Ko e Kalonikali ʻo Tonga
Ko e Keleʻa
Taimi ʻo Tonga
Talaki
Ko e Tauʻatāina

In addition, plure ecclesias publica jornales mensual:

Taumuʻa lelei (catholic)
Tohi fanongonongo (wesleyan)
Liahona (mormon)
Tonga Star (tokaikolo)

In governamento e education, le duo linguas es sovente usate quasi indifferentemente. Totevia, le version anglese domina in forma scripte (pro exemplo, parlamentarios pote debatter in tongano, ma lor discurso es transcripte in un traduction anglese).

Le parola tongan le plus recognite es «tabu» (actualmente scripte como tapu), devenite un parola international trans le scriptos del capitano James Cook.

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