Zéró morféma

A zéró morfémát (más néven nullmorfémát, testetlen morfémát) azért nevezik testetlen morfémának, mert bár nincsen hangteste (tehát nem ejtjük ki és nem is írjuk le), mégis a szótövön van, hiszen hiányával jelöl valamit. Például a többes szám jelével ellátott ház + ak alakkal szemben a ház + Ø zéró morfémája azt jelöli, hogy az adott dologból csak egy van.

A jel és a rag funkcióját töltheti be, hiszen ezek egyezésük és különbségeik, összetartozásuk és szembenállásaik révén morfológiai részrendszereket alkotnak.[1] Hordozzák az egyes szófajokra jellemző információkat (pl. idő, mód, személy, szám, eset, dologszám). Tehát a nullmorféma testetlenségével fejezi ki a dolog, tulajdonság vagy esemény számát, személyét, módját stb.

Zéró morféma a névszók esetében

Zéró morféma a főnév esetében

  • az egyes számot jelöli: ház+ Ø
  • az alapesetet (alanyeset szemben a ragos esetekkel) jelöli: ház+Ø (nullmorfémás) DE ház+at, ház+ban, ház+ért stb. (viszonyragos)
  • a birtokos személyjel jelöletlensége E/3, több birtok esetében: ház+ai+Ø DE ház+ai+m
  • egyes számú birtok jelölése: ház+Ø+am DE ház+ai+m

Zéró morféma a melléknév esetében

  • alapfok jelölése: vidám+Ø DE vidám+abb, leg+vidám+abb

Zéró morféma az igei paradigmában

Jegyzetek

  1. ↑ Keszler Borbála (szerk.): Magyar grammatika, Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, Bp. 2000, pp. 48–50.

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