Nyitrai káptalan

Nyitrai káptalan

Pontos alapításának ideje nem ismert. Kálmán király 1100-ban kelt törvénykönyvének 22. cikkelye a nyitrai egyházat prépostságinak nevezi s annak a tüzesvas- és forróviz-próbának gyakorolhatását megengedi. 1133-ban Nyitra már püspöki székhely, káptalana is székessé alakult.

Hiteles kiadványainak számos nyomai vannak a 13. század elejétől fogva, kezdetben csak rányomott pecséttel. Trencséni Csák Máté pusztításakor levéltára nagy károkat szenvedett. A nyitrai vár, a székesegyház és a káptalan is teljesen leégetett. A püspök és a káptalan kára többre rúgott 2000 márkánál.

Gótikus nagyobb pecsétjét 1271-ből Horvát István ismertette először, melynek körirata: SIGILLUM CAPITLI S' NITRIENSIS ECL'IE. Ezen pecsét valószínűleg a 14. századra már elveszett, ekkortól ugyanis kisebb pecsétet kezdtek használni. Ennek körirata: + S. MINVS. CAPITVLI. ECLIE. NITRIEN. Benne Szent Emmerám püspök, S EMERAMVS felirattal.

A káptalan jelenleg tiz kanonoki javadalmat számlál.

Irodalom

  • Horvát István, Tudományos Gyüjtemény 1833. XI, 46.
  • Jerney János 1855: A magyar országos káptalanok és conventek mint hitelmes és hiteles helyek története. Pest, 65-66.
  • Cherrier: A magyar egyház története.
  • Vágner József 1896: Adalékok a nyitrai székes-káptalan történetéhez.
  • Pallas Nagylexikon
  • Mályusz Elemér 1971: Egyházi társadalom a középkori Magyarországon. Budapest, 115.
  • Kurecskó Mihály 1999: A nyitrai káptalan kétes hitelű 13. századi oklevele. In: Tanulmányok a középkori magyar történelemből.
  • Kurecskó Mihály 2000: A nyitrai káptalan hiteleshelyi tevékenysége a kezdetektől 1269-ig. In: Magyaroknak eleiről. 329-347.
  • Kurecskó Mihály 2009: A nyitrai káptalan hiteleshelyi tevékenysége az Árpád-kor végén - 1270-1300. In: Loca credibilia. 11-28.
  • C. Tóth Norbert 2019: A nyitrai székeskáptalan archontológiája 1111-1526. Budapest.

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