Galériaerdő

Galériaerdő a Gambia-folyó mentén

A galériaerdők a folyók mentén kialakult, többnyire örökzöld erdők, melyek a folyók vagy a nedves területek közelében folyosót kialakítva követik a nedves területeket. A galériaerdők benyúlnak a környező, másként szárazabb területekre, például a szavannákra, rétekre vagy sivatagok területére.

A galériaerdők olyan területeken is megélnek, melyeken a környező táj nem lenne képes erdő fenntartására. A folyók menti átmeneti zónák, melyben a galériaerdők fejlődnek, erdőtűz esetén nagyobb védelmet nyújtanak a magoncoknak, melyek egyébként elpusztulnának a tűzben.[1] Emellett a galériaerdők élőhelyén található hordalékos talaj gyakran termékenyebb és jobb vízelvezetésű, mint a környező területek talaja, mélyebben viszont jobb a vízutánpótlása. Emiatt a galériaerdő és környező terület közötti határ általában éles, az ökoton csak néhány méter széles.[2] A galériaerdők sűrűk, és több szintűek is lehetnek[3]

A galériaerdők kiterjedése az emberi tevékenység következtében világszerte csökken. A legeltetett háziállatok a magról történő kihajtást akadályozzák, a folyókon épített gátak és duzzasztók megváltoztatják az ártér vízellátását vagy a folyók természetes folyását. Ezeken a tényezőkön túl a galériaerdőket ugyanazoknak a folyamatoknak egy része is veszélyezteti, melyek a szavannák ökológiájára is hatnak (erdőtűz, legeltetés, fakitermelés, invazív növények, klímaváltozás stb.).

Magyarországon

Galériaerdő a Ráckevei-Duna mellett Szigetszentmiklósnál

A galériaerdőknek a Kárpát-medencében lombhullató típusai fejlődtek ki. Ezek a

Jegyzetek

  1. J. Biddulph and M Kellman, 1998 "Fuels and fire at savanna-gallery forest boundaries in southeastern Venezuela" Journal of Tropical Ecology 14
  2. J. S. Beard, 1955. "A Note on Gallery Forests" Ecology 36:2
  3. KFDT

Források

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