Ebonit

Ebonitból készült tárgyak

1852-ben Charles Goodyear feltalálta a keménygumit, amit a görög ebenosz (έβενος = ébenfa) szóból[1] ebonitnak nevezett el.

Előállítása

Goodyear úgy állította elő az anyagot, hogy a kaucsukhoz a vulkanizáláshoz szükségesnél több ként adagolt (akár 30%-ot), majd a jól átgyúrt masszát 150°C-ra hevítette. A keménység és rugalmasság fokozására később sellakot is adagolt hozzá.

Felhasználása

A keménygumi sokféle tárgy előállítására alkalmas, például rögtön felhasználták a távíró vezetékeinek szigetelésére, mert jobb szigetelőnek bizonyult, mint a korábban használt szigetelőanyagok, és ugyanakkor jól ellenállt az időjárás behatásainak.

Az ebonit, ellentétben a normál gumival, forgácsolással megmunkálható, lehet fúrni, esztergálni és fényesre csiszolni.

Mivel nem mérgező és a savakkal szemben is ellenálló, felhasználják orvosi műszerek készítéséhez is.

Jegyzetek

  1. Fülöp József: Rövid kémiai értelmező és etimológiai szótár. Celldömölk: Pauz–Westermann Könyvkiadó Kft. 1998. 40. o. ISBN 963 8334 96 7  

Források

Commons:Category:Ebonite
A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Ebonit témájú médiaállományokat.

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