Balkárok

Balkárok
Balkár pásztor
Balkár pásztor
Teljes lélekszám
85 000[1]
Régiók
Oroszország (Déli Szövetségi Terület)
Nyelvek
a karacsaj-balkári balkári nyelvjárása, orosz
Vallások
Túlnyomórészt szunnita muzulmánok, kisebb részük orosz ortodox
Rokon népcsoportok
más türkök
A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz Balkárok témájú médiaállományokat.

A balkárok (karacsáj-balkárul: egyes szám. алан [alan], többes szám аланла [alanla]) a kaukázusi régióban élő türk nép, Kabard- és Balkárföld egyik névadó népe.

Kabard- és Balkárföldön nagyjából 105 000 balkár élt 2002-ben.

Nyelvük

Nyelvük a türk nyelvcsalád északnyugati ágának ponto-kaszpi alágához tartozik. Közel áll a kaukázusi tatárhoz és a kumikhoz. Létezik egy olyan felfogás is, mely szerint a balkárok a bolgár-törökök itt maradt ága. A többiek a hunok nyugatra történő vándorlásával a 4. század elején a Kaukázushoz költöztek.

Történetük

A 19–20. század fordulóján a balkárok egy kis csoportja Törökországba és Szíriába emigrált.[2]

Állítólag a balkár kifejezés a bolgár vagy bulgár elnevezéséből származik, s eszerint a balkárok bolgár-türk származásúak, akik az onogurok területén és Nagy-Bulgáriában éltek. A balkárok a Kaukázusnál maradtak vagy a Volga középső részéhez vándoroltak.

1944-ben Sztálin azzal vádolta meg a Kabard- és Balkárföldön élő balkárokat, hogy szövetséget kötöttek a náci Németországgal, és a terület teljes lakosságát deportálta. A területet átnevezték Kabard Autonóm SzSzK-ra. Ezt a nevet 1957-ig viselte, mikor a balkár népességnek engedélyezték, hogy visszatérjenek erre a területre.

Jegyzetek

Források

  • Robert Conquest, The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (London: MacMillan, 1970) (ISBN 0-333-10575-3)
  • Alexander Nekrics, The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978) (ISBN 0-393-00068-0)

További információk

Fordítás

  • Ez a szócikk részben vagy egészben a Balkars című angol Wikipédia-szócikk ezen változatának fordításán alapul. Az eredeti cikk szerkesztőit annak laptörténete sorolja fel. Ez a jelzés csupán a megfogalmazás eredetét és a szerzői jogokat jelzi, nem szolgál a cikkben szereplő információk forrásmegjelöléseként.

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