Spirala
Ovo je glavno značenje pojma Spirala. Za druga značenja, pogledajte Spirala (razdvojba).
Spirala je, u matematici, krivulja koja se kružno udaljava (može se reći i: približava) od svog centra.
Dvodimenzionalne spirale
Dvodimenzionalna spirala najlakše se opisuje preko polarnih koordinata, gdje je polumjer r kontinuirana monotona funkcija kuta θ. Kružnica se može smatrati posebnim slučajem spirale (funkcija nije striktno monotona, nego konstantna).
Neke od važnijih vrsta dvodimenzionalnih spirala su:
- Arhimedova spirala: r = a + bθ
- Fermatova spirala: r = θ1/2
- hiperbolična spirala: r = a/θ
- logaritamska spirala: r = abθ; (pojavljuje se u prirodi)
- Fibonaccijeva spirala i spirala zlatnog reza: posebni slučajevi logaritamske spirale.
-
Arhimedova spirala -
logaritamska spirala -
Fermatova spirala -
hiperbolična spirala
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