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Ritsuryō

Ritsuryō (jap. kanji 律令, hiragana りつりょう), japanski povijesni zakonski sustav zasnovan na filozofiji konfucijanizma i legalizma (japanski kanji 法家, ほうか). Politički sustav sukladan ritsuryōu zove se ritsuryō-sei (jap. kanji 律令制, hiragana りつりょう せい). Kyaku (jap. kanji 格) su amandmani ritsuryōa. Shiki (jap. 式) su proglašenja zakonskih prijedloga zakonom. Ritsuryō određuje kazneni zakon (jap. ritsu, kanji 律 ) i upravni zakon (jap. ryō, kanji 令 ), pa iz imena tih dvaju skupina zakona koji čine ovaj sustav nastala je kovanica ritsuryō.

U vrijeme kasnog razdoblja Asuke (kasno 6. stoljeće - 710.) i razdoblja Nare (710. – 794.), Carski dvor u Kyotu (jap. Kyōtogosho, kanji 京都御所, hiragana きょうとごしょ), pokušavajući replicirati kineski rigorozni politički sustav dinastije T'ang, napisali su i sproveli neke zbornike Ritsuryōa. Tijekom stoljeća, ritsuryōska država proizvela je sve više i više informacija koje su bile brižno arhivirane. Ipak protjekom vremena u razdoblju Heiana, institucije ritsuryōa evoluirale su u politički i kulturni sustav bez povratne veze.[1]

645. godine Taikanske reforme (jap. Taika no Kaishin, kanji 大化の改新 ) bile su prvi znak provedbe sustava,[2] kao što je promjena upravnog sustava u gōri-sei.[3]

Jedan od ritsuryō-seija je Zbirka zakona Taiho.[4]

Vidi

Izvori

  1. ↑ Mesheryakov, Alexander. (2003). "On the Quantity of Written Data Produced by the Ritsuryō State"  Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice od 29. svibnja 2011. (Wayback Machine), Japan Review, 15:187–199. (eng.)
  2. ↑ Asakawa, Kan'ichi. (1903). The Early Institutional Life of Japan: A Study in the Reform of 645, p. 324 n.3.
  3. ↑ (eng.) Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Gōri-sei" na str. 259-260, Google Knjige, preuzeto 14. veljače 2020.
  4. ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Taihō Code" in Japan Encyclopedia, str. 924, str. 924, na Google knjigama.

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