Koža

Ovo je glavno značenje pojma Koža. Za druga značenja pogledajte koža (materijal).
slika kože nosoroga izbliza
ljudska koža

Koža (lat. cutis, dermis, od grč. δέρμα), meki vanjski pokrov kralježnjaka. Ostali životinjski pokrovi poput egzoskeleta člankonožaca imaju drugačije razvojno porijeklo, strukturu i kemijski sastav. Pridjev kutani znači „kožni” (lat. cutaneus, od lat. cutis: koža). U sisavaca je koža najveći organ pokrovnog sustava sačinjen od mnogostrukih slojeva ektodermalnog tkiva te štiti podležeće mišiće, kosti, ligamente i unutarnje organe.[1] Koža drugačije naravi postoji u vodozemaca, gmazova i ptica.[2] Svi sisavci imaju nešto dlaka na svojoj koži, pa i morski sisavci koji su naizgled bezdlaki. Koža dolazi u dodir s okolišem i prva je crta obrane od vanjskih faktora. Na primjer, koža igra ključnu ulogu u zaštiti tijela protiv patogena[3] i prekomjerna gubitka tekućine.[4] Također je najveći pokrovno-vezivni organ ljudskog tijela.

Koža pomoću osjetnih tjelašaca može osjetiti hladnoću, toplinu bol itd. Sastoji se od pousmine i usmine, a leži na potkožnom tkivu u kojem se slaže potkožno salo. Ima mogućnost samoobnove te nadopunjuje rad bubrega.

Koža ima zaštitnu, osjetnu i regulatornu funkciju. Boja kože ovisi o stanju krvnih žilica, o boji krvi i količini pigmenta. Površina kože u odrasla čovjeka prosječne visine iznosi 1,7 m2, a težina oko 18 % ukupne težine tijela. Pokožica je građena od tvrdih stanica koje na vanjskom sloju otpadaju, a nadomještaju ih stanice koje se množe u temeljnom sloju.

Koža prima raznovrsne podražaje, koji izazivaju najmanje četiri vrste osjeta: osjete dodira, topline i hladnoće, te boli. Receptori za te osjete su različiti nervni završeci, kojih u koži ima nekoliko milijuna, vrlo neravnomjerno raspoređenih.

U doljnjem dijelu pousmine nalaze se pigmentna zrnca. Sunčanjem se broj pigmenta povećava, koža zato postaje tamnija. Time se tijelo brani od ultraljubičastog zračenja.

Više informacija

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Izvori

  1. "Skin care" (analysis), Health-Cares.net, 2007. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 12. prosinca 2007. Pristupljeno 1. travnja 2014. journal zahtijeva |journal= (pomoć)
  2. Alibardi L. (2003). Adaptation to the land: The skin of reptiles in comparison to that of amphibians and endotherm amniotes. J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol. 298(1):12–41. PMID 12949767
  3. Proksch E, Brandner JM, Jensen JM. (2008).The skin: an indispensable barrier. Exp Dermatol. 17(12):1063–72. PMID 19043850
  4. Madison KC. (2003). Barrier function of the skin: "la raison d'être" of the epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 121(2):231-41. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12359.x PMID 12880413
Nedovršeni članak Koža koji govori o anatomiji treba dopuniti. Dopunite ga prema pravilima Wikipedije.

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