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Fluorovodik

Fluorovodik je anorganski kemijski spoj u kojem fluor ima oksidacijsko stanje -1.

Dobivanje

Dobiva se reakcijom između kalcijevog fluorida i sulfatne kiseline:

CaF2 (s) + H+ + HSO4- → CaSO4 (s) + 2 HF (g)

Bezvodni HF se dobiva po reakciji:

NaHF2 (s) → NaF (s) + HF (g)

Metodu je otkrio francuski kemičar Henri Moissan.

Osobine

Zbog vodikove veze, fluorovodik je tekućina, čije je vrelište +20 °C. Miješa se s vodom i komercijalno dolazi kao 40%-tna otopina. Vodena otopina fluorovodika se naziva fluorovodična kiselina. Ako otopina dospije na kožu, uzrokuje gnojne rane. Bezvodni HF nije kemijski reaktivan, ali u prisustvu tragova vode reagira s kovinama i njihovim oksidima. Fluorovodik reagira sa silicijevim dioksidom, pri čemu se oslobađa plinoviti SiF4. Kako je silicijev dioksid glavna komponenta stakla, HF se ne smije držati u staklenom posuđu.

SiO2 (s) + 4 HF → SiF4 (g) + 2 H2O
Vodikova veza između molekula HF

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