Fakaleitī
Fakaleitī (ili leiti ili fakafefine ili lady), na Tongi, je osoba kojoj je pri rođenju dodijeljen muški spol, ali se rodno izražava kao žena.
Iako se fakaleitī na Tongi ne povezuju nužno s LGBT identitetima u zapadnom svijetu, oni koji odrastaju u tonganskim migrantskim zajednicama na Novom Zelandu, u Australiji i Sjedinjenim Državama mogu pronaći veću razinu zajedništva i sklonosti sličnim identitetima nego fakaleitī u Tongi.
Pojam fakaleitī sastoji se od prefiksa faka- (na način) i posuđenice iz engleskog lady (dama). Sami Fakaleitī radije se nazivaju leitī ili damama. Fakaleitī ili fakafefine slični su samoanskom fa'afafineu i havajskom māhūu.
Udruženje Tonga Leiti organizira natjecanje za Miss Galaxy u Tongi. Također su bili uključeni u reformu zakona na kolonijalni utjecaj o životu fakaleitī koji su ostali na Tongi. 2018. snimljen je dokumentarni film Leitiji na čekanju o vođi fakaleitīja Joeyju Mataeleu i naporima Udruge Tonga Leiti.[1] Mataele također surađuje s projektom Pacific Equality Project, neprofitnom skupinom koja se zalaže za dekriminalizaciju LGBT naroda iz postkolonijalnih zakona na pacifičkim otocima[2]
Izvori
- ↑ Pacific News Minute: Tonga's Leitis "We Cannot Be Silent Anymore."
- ↑ The Talanoa Trans Pacific Equality Project.”. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 6. rujna 2019. Pristupljeno 6. studenoga 2020. journal zahtijeva
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Literatura
- James, Kerry E. 1994. Effeminate Males and Changes in the Construction of Gender in Tonga. Pacific Studies. 17 (2): 39–69
- Besnier, Niko. 1994. Polynesian Gender Liminality Through Time and Space. Herdt, Gilbert (ur.). Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. Zone. New York. str. 285–328. ISBN 978-0-942299-82-3
- Besnier, Niko. 1997. Sluts and Superwomen: The Politics of Gender Liminality in Urban Tonga. Ethnos. 62: 5–31. doi:10.1080/00141844.1997.9981542
- Besnier, Niko. 2002. Transgenderism, Locality, and the Miss Galaxy Beauty Pageant in Tonga. American Ethnologist. 29: 534–566. doi:10.1525/ae.2002.29.3.534
- Besnier, Niko. 2003. Crossing Genders, Mixing Languages: The Linguistic Construction of Transgenderism in Tonga. Holmes, Janet; Meyerhoff, Miriam (ur.). The Handbook of Language and Gender (PDF). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Oxford. str. 279–301. Inačica izvorne stranice (PDF) arhivirana 24. rujna 2020. Pristupljeno 6. studenoga 2020.
- Farran, Sue. 2004. Transsexuals, Fa'afafine, fakaleitī and Marriage Law in the Pacific: Considerations for the Future. Journal of the Polynesian Society. Auckland. 113 (2): 119–142
- Besnier, Niko. 2004. The Social Production of Abjection: Desire and Silencing Among Transgender Tongans. Social Anthropology. 12: 301–323. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2004.tb00110.x
Vanjske poveznice
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