מבחן (שיטה מדעית)

מבחן הוא שיטה במדע ובהנדסה הכוללת פרוצדורה מדויקת אשר אם נפעל לפיה, נקבל תוצאה ומסקנה לגבי הדבר הנבדק. לדוגמה, אם נרצה לבדוק האם מעלית מסוגלת להרים משקל של 500 ק"ג, נשים במעלית משקולות במשקל זה, ונבדוק אם היא מצליחה לעלות.[1]

הפרוצדורה חייבת להיות מוגדרת בצורה מדויקת, שאינה ניתנת לפרשנויות, ושניתנת לביצוע,[2] וכן יעילה ככל שניתן[3] וניתנת לשחזור.[4]

מבחן יכול להיות מבוסס על מחקר תצפיתי או על מחקר ניסויי, הקובעים את מאפייני המדגם והתהליך. תוצאת המבחן יכולה להיות איכותית (כן / לא, לדוגמה: האם המעלית מסוגלת להרים 500 ק"ג), כמותית (מהו המשקל המקסימלי אותו המעלית מסוגלת להרים) או קטגוריאלית (האם האוכל האהוב על ארנבים הוא כרוב, חסה, גזר או מלפפון).

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ "Form and Style for ASTM Standards". ASTM International. באוקטובר 2017. נבדק ב-8 בפברואר 2018. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
  2. ^ Committee E-11 on Quality Control of Materials (1963). ASTM Manual for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study of a Test Method. American Society for Testing and Materials. p. 3. נבדק ב-8 בפברואר 2018. {{cite book}}: (עזרה)
  3. ^ Nigh, P.; Gattiker, A. (2000). "Test method evaluation experiments and data". Proceedings from the International Test Conference, 2000. 2000: 454–463. doi:10.1109/TEST.2000.894237.{{cite journal}}: תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Bridwell, H.; Dhingra, V.; Peckman, D. (2010). "Perspectives on Method Validation: Importance of Adequate Method Validation". The Quality Assurance Journal. 13 (3–4): 72–77. doi:10.1002/qaj.473.{{cite journal}}: תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)

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