מאסטר-קומנדנט

מאסטר-קומנדנט (באנגלית: master commandant), "רב חובלים ומפקד", הייתה דרגה קצונה בצי של ארצות הברית בשנותיו הראשונות, בין לוטננט לקפטן.[1] נושאי דרגה זו פיקדו בדרך כלל על אוניות מלחמה שהיו קטנות מכדי שיצדיקו את מסירתן לידי קפטן, כמו סְלוּפ או בְּרִיג. הדרגה הונהגה רשמית ב-1806.[2] ב-1838 קוצר השם לקומנדר (אנ').

תולדות הדרגה

בימיו הראשונים של הצי האמריקני היו נהוגות שלוש דרגות לקצינים שפיקדו על אוניות מלחמה: קפטן, מאסטר-קומנדנט ולוטננט-מפקד (lieutenant, commanding), שלא הייתה דרגה של ממש אלא תוארו של לוטננט מן השורה שפיקד על כלי שיט. שלוש דרגות אלו נהוגות, בשינויים קלים, גם בצי האמריקני של ימינו: קפטן, קומנדר ולוטננט-קומנדר (אנ').

דרגת מאסטר-קומנדנט הקבילה לדרגת "מאסטר אֶנד קומנדר" (master and commander) של הצי המלכותי הבריטי, שקוצרה ב-1794 ל"קומנדר". כאשר פנו אל מאסטר-קומנדנט בעת פיקודו על אונייה קראו לו "קפטן".

בציורים מאותה תקופה ניתן לראות כי ההבדל היחיד בין מדיו של מאסטר קומנדנט לאלו של קפטן היה מספר הכותפות: קפטן ענד שתי כותפות, ואילו מאסטר-קומנדנט כותפה אחת בצד ימין. לוטננט ענד את הכותפה על כתף שמאל.[3]

גיבור הצי האמריקני סטיבן דיקייטר (אנ') לא נשא מעולם דרגת מאסטר-קומנדנט. לאחר הפשיטה הנועזת על הפריגטה "פילדלפיה" בנמל טריפולי ב-1804, שב לאמריקה כגיבור לאומי וקודם ישירות מלוטננט לקפטן.

מאסטר-קומנדנט מפורסם אחר הוא ריצ'רד סאמרז (אנ'), שפיקד על ספינת ההבערה "אינטרפיד" (אנ') בעת ההתקפה על הקורסארים הברברים בנמל טריפולי ב-1804.[4]

לקריאה נוספת

  • Colimore, Edward. "Effort under way to bring back U.S. sailors buried in Libya." The Philadelphia Inquirer. October, 25, 2011
  • Perrenot, Preston B. (2010). Grade Insignia of the US Navy 1776–1852. United States of America, Department of the Navy.
  • Toll, Ian W. (2006). Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy. W.W. Norton.

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ "The History of Navy Rank: The Officer Corps". United States Navy. 2019-11-01. Archived from the original on 2019-12-15.
  2. ^ Perrenot (2010), pp. 13, 14, 20, 26, 34.
  3. ^ "All That Glitters: The US Navy Uniform Regulations of 1802". US Constitution Museum. 2014-09-18. Archived from the original on 2016-07-21. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  4. ^ Colimore (2011).

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