יפתח (אורטוריה, קריסימי)

יפתח (Jephte או Historia di Jephte) היא דוגמה חשובה לצורת האורטוריה של אמצע המאה ה-17 שחיבר ג'אקומו קריסימי בסביבות 1650 (כנראה 1648), על פי סיפורו של השופט יפתח מספר שופטים. היצירה תואמת למה שנחשב לצורת האורטוריה הקלאסית של ראשית תקופת הבארוק, לטקסט תנ"כי שנמסר בפי זמרים סולנים ומקהלה עם דברי קישור של קריין. הפרטיטורה היחידה מזמן חיבור האורטוריה היא לעוגב קונטינואו בלבד, אם כי יש ומתגברים אותו בכינורות וקונטרבס, שסימוכין לשימוש בהם קיימים ביצירות אחרות של המלחין.

קריסימי ביסס את המוניטין שלו כאמן האורטוריה הלטינית בשנת 1650, כשחיבר את "יפתח", הנחשבת ליצירה המשובחת ביותר שלו בצורה זו. תאורטיקאי המוזיקה אתאנאזיוס קירשר הזכיר ב"מוזורגיה אוניברסליס" שלו את האורטוריה וציין את יכולתו של קריסימי להטות "את רוח המאזינים אל כל רגש שיחפוץ בו".[1]

גרסה של הנס ורנר הנצה משנת 1976 היא עיבוד ל-7 קולו סולו, מקהלה ב-6 קולות, חלילים, כלי הקשה ופיציקטו בכלי מיתר.

לקריאה נוספת

  • A History of the Oratorio, vol. 1, Howard E. Smither, 1977
  • The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, 1996,
  • Concise History of Western Music, ch. 9
  • Performance practice: a dictionary-guide for musicians, Roland John Jackson, p67
  • "Two problems in Carissimi's oratorio Jephte", Janet Beat, Music Review 34 (1973) 339-43
  • Carissimi's Tonal System and the Function of Transposition in the Expansion of Tonality, Beverly Stein, The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring, 2002), pp. 264–305

קישורים חיצוניים


הערות שוליים

  1. ^ אתר מוזיקה קלאסית של ד"ר ג'ימבו, מאמר על מוזיקה כוראלית

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